英语词汇学复习集合

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1、Morphemes:isaminimalmeaningunitsofalanguage,andasmallestfunctioningunitinthecompositionofwords.Morphes:arediscreteunitswhichrealizeabstractmorphemesinspeech.Morphsareactualspokenminimalcarriersofmeaning.Monomorphemic:Freemorphemes:isonestandaloneasaword.Boundmorphemes:befunctiontogetherwithroot

2、ofword.Themorphemescannotoccurasseparatewords.Affixes:formsthatareattachedtowordsorwordelementstomodifymeaningorfunction.1)inflectional:areaffixesattachedtotheendofwordstoindicategrammaticalrelationships.2)derivational:areaffixesaddedtoothermorphemestocreatenewword.2.1prefixes:isaformationbyadd

3、ingprefixestostems.Theirchieffunctionistochangemeaningofthestems.2.2suffixes:istheformationbyaddingsuffixestostems.Theirprimaryfunctionbeingtochangethegrammaticalfunctionofstems.Stem:apartofawordtowhichaffixesofanykindcanbeadded.Root:isabasicformsofawordwhichcannotbefurtheranalysewithouttotallo

4、ssofidentity.Boundroot:isthatpartofthewordthatcarriesthefundamentalmeaning.Creation:refertotheformationofnewwordsbyusingtheexistingmaterial,namelyroots,affixesandotherelements.Affixation（词缀法）:astheformationofwordsbymeansofaddingaffixestostems.Compounding/composition（复合法）:istheformationofwordsby

5、joiningtwoormorestemsintooneword.(joiningstem)Conversion/zero-derivation（转换法）:istheformationofnewwordsbycovertingwordsofoneclasstoanotherclass.(covertingwordsclass)Blending（拼缀法）:aformationbycombiningpartsoftwowordsorawordplusapartofanotherword.(combiningpartsoftwowordsActonymy/initialisms（首字母缩写

6、）:aformationbyjoiningtheinitiallettersofnamesofphrases.(joiningtheinitialletterBack-formation（逆词法）:aformationbyremovingthesupposedsuffixes.Clipping（截断法）:aformationbycuttingapartoftheorigin,andusingremainsinstead.ByusefrequencyBasicwords:1)Allnationalcharacter;2)Stability;3)Productivity;4)Polyse

7、my;5)Collocability.Non-basicwords:Terminology(术语)particularfield(2)Jargon（行话）:thelanguageusedforaparticularactivityorbyaparticulargroupofpeople(3)slang（俚语）(4)Argot（暗语）particulargroupofpeople（5）Dialectalwords(方言)particulararea(6)Ar