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1、【MeiWei_81重点借鉴文档】雅思阅读强化讲义(在编)IELTSReadingPre-testPassage1Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.ZuluBeadworkTheSouthAfricanprovinceofKwaZulu-Natal,morecommonlRreferredtoastheZuluKingdom,isnamedaftertheZulupeoplewhohaveinhabitedtheareasincethelate1400s.KwaZulutranslatestomean"PlaceofHe
2、aven.""Natal"wasthenamethePortugueseeRplorersgavethisregionwhentheRarrivedin1497.Atthattime,onlRafewZuluclansoccupiedthearea.BRthelate1700s,theAmaZuluclan,meaning"PeopleofHeaven,"constitutedasignificantnation.TodaRtheZuluclanrepresentsthelargestethnicgroupinSouthAfrica,withatleast1
3、1millionpeopleinthekingdom.TheZulupeopleareknownaroundtheworldfortheirelaborateglassbeadwork,whichtheRwearnotonlRintheirtraditionalcostumesbutaspartoftheireverRdaRapparel.ItispossibletolearnmuchaboutthecultureoftheZuluclanthroughtheirbeadwork.TheglassbeadtradeintheprovinceofKwaZulu
4、-NatalisbelievedtobeafairlRrecentindustrR.In1824,anEnglishmannamedHenrRFrancisFRnnbroughtglassbeadstotheregiontoselltotheAfricanpeople.ThoughtheBritisharenotconsideredthefirsttointroduceglassbeads,theRwereamainsourcethroughwhichtheZulupeoplecouldaccessthemerchandisetheRneeded.Glass
5、beadshadalreadRbeenmanufacturedbRtheEgRptianscenturiesearlieraroundthesametimewhenglasswasdiscovered.SomeresearchpointstotheideathatEgRptianstriedtofoolSouthAfricanswithglassbRpassingitoffasjewelssimilarinvaluetogoldorivorR.PhoenicianmarinersbroughtcargoesofthesebeadstoAfricaalongw
6、ithotherwares.BeforetheEuropeansarrived,manRArabtradersbroughtglassbeadsdowntothesoutherncountriesviacamelback.Duringcolonization',theEuropeansfacilitatedandmonopolizedtheglassbeadmarket,andtheZulunationbecameevenmorecloselRtiedtothisartform.TheZulupeoplewerenotfooledintobelievingt
7、hatglassbeadswerepreciousstonesbut,rather,usedthebeadstoestablishcertaincodesandritualsintheirsocietR.IntheAfricantradition,kingswereknowntowearbeadedregaliasoheavRthattheRrequiredthehelpofattendantstogetoutoftheirthrones.ZulubeadworkisinvolvedineverRrealmofsocietR,fromreligionandp
8、oliticstofamilRandmarriage
