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ID:23839272
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页数:86页
时间:2018-11-11
《雅思阅读强化--讲义》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、雅思阅读强化讲义(在编)IELTSReadingPre-testPassage1Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.ZuluBeadworkTheSouthAfricanprovinceofKwaZulu-Natal,morecommonlyreferredtoastheZuluKingdom,isnamedaftertheZulupeoplewhohaveinhabitedtheareasincethelate1400s.KwaZulutranslatestomean"PlaceofHeaven.""Natal"wasthenamethePo
2、rtugueseexplorersgavethisregionwhentheyarrivedin1497.Atthattime,onlyafewZuluclansoccupiedthearea.Bythelate1700s,theAmaZuluclan,meaning"PeopleofHeaven,"constitutedasignificantnation.TodaytheZuluclanrepresentsthelargestethnicgroupinSouthAfrica,withatleast11millionpeopleinthekingdom.TheZulupeopl
3、eareknownaroundtheworldfortheirelaborateglassbeadwork,whichtheywearnotonlyintheirtraditionalcostumesbutaspartoftheireverydayapparel.ItispossibletolearnmuchaboutthecultureoftheZuluclanthroughtheirbeadwork.TheglassbeadtradeintheprovinceofKwaZulu-Natalisbelievedtobeafairlyrecentindustry.In1824,a
4、nEnglishmannamedHenryFrancisFynnbroughtglassbeadstotheregiontoselltotheAfricanpeople.ThoughtheBritisharenotconsideredthefirsttointroduceglassbeads,theywereamainsourcethroughwhichtheZulupeoplecouldaccessthemerchandisetheyneeded.GlassbeadshadalreadybeenmanufacturedbytheEgyptianscenturiesearlier
5、aroundthesametimewhenglasswasdiscovered.SomeresearchpointstotheideathatEgyptianstriedtofoolSouthAfricanswithglassbypassingitoffasjewelssimilarinvaluetogoldorivory.PhoenicianmarinersbroughtcargoesofthesebeadstoAfricaalongwithotherwares.BeforetheEuropeansarrived,manyArabtradersbroughtglassbeads
6、downtothesoutherncountriesviacamelback.Duringcolonization',theEuropeansfacilitatedandmonopolizedtheglassbeadmarket,andtheZulunationbecameevenmorecloselytiedtothisartform.TheZulupeoplewerenotfooledintobelievingthatglassbeadswerepreciousstonesbut,rather,usedthebeadstoestablishcertaincodesandrit
7、ualsintheirsociety.IntheAfricantradition,kingswereknowntowearbeadedregaliasoheavythattheyrequiredthehelpofattendantstogetoutoftheirthrones.Zulubeadworkisinvolvedineveryrealmofsociety,fromreligionandpoliticstofamilyandmarriage.AmongtheZuluwome
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