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1、-雅思阅读强化讲义(在编)IELTSReadingPre-testPassage1Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.ZuluBeadworkTheSouthAfricanprovinceofKwaZulu-Natal,morecommonlyreferredtoastheZuluKingdom,isnamedaftertheZulupeoplewhohaveinhabitedtheareasincethelate1400s.KwaZulutranslatestomean"
2、PlaceofHeaven.""Natal"wasthenamethePortugueseexplorersgavethisregionwhentheyarrivedin1497.Atthattime,onlyafewZuluclansoccupiedthearea.Bythelate1700s,theAmaZuluclan,meaning"PeopleofHeaven,"constitutedasignificantnation.TodaytheZuluclanrepresentsthelargesteth
3、nicgroupinSouthAfrica,withatleast11millionpeopleinthekingdom.TheZulupeopleareknownaroundtheworldfortheirelaborateglassbeadwork,whichtheywearnotonlyintheirtraditionalcostumesbutaspartoftheireverydayapparel.ItispossibletolearnmuchaboutthecultureoftheZuluclant
4、hroughtheirbeadwork.TheglassbeadtradeintheprovinceofKwaZulu-Natalisbelievedtobeafairlyrecentindustry.In1824,anEnglishmannamedHenryFrancisFynnbroughtglassbeadstotheregiontoselltotheAfricanpeople.ThoughtheBritisharenotconsideredthefirsttointroduceglassbeads,t
5、heywereamainsourcethroughwhichtheZulupeoplecouldaccessthemerchandisetheyneeded.GlassbeadshadalreadybeenmanufacturedbytheEgyptianscenturiesearlieraroundthesametimewhenglasswasdiscovered.SomeresearchpointstotheideathatEgyptianstriedtofoolSouthAfricanswithglas
6、sbypassingitoffasjewelssimilarinvaluetogoldorivory.PhoenicianmarinersbroughtcargoesofthesebeadstoAfricaalongwithotherwares.BeforetheEuropeansarrived,manyArabtradersbroughtglassbeadsdowntothesoutherncountriesviacamelback.Duringcolonization',theEuropeansfacil
7、itatedandmonopolizedtheglassbeadmarket,andtheZulunationbecameevenmorecloselytiedtothisartform.TheZulupeoplewerenotfooledintobelievingthatglassbeadswerepreciousstonesbut,rather,usedthebeadstoestablishcertaincodesandritualsintheirsociety.IntheAfricantradition
8、,kingswereknowntowearbeadedregaliasoheavythattheyrequiredthehelpofattendantstogetoutoftheirthrones.Zulubeadworkisinvolvedineveryrealmofsociety,fromreligionandpoliticstofamilyandmarriage.AmongtheZuluwom