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1、...雅思阅读强化讲义(在编)IELTSReadingPre-testPassage1Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.ZuluBeadworkTheSouthAfricanprovinceofKwaZulu-Natal,morecommonlyreferredtoastheZuluKingdom,isnamedaftertheZulupeoplewhohaveinhabitedtheareasincethelate1400s.KwaZulutranslatestomean"PlaceofHeaven.""
2、Natal"wasthenamethePortugueseexplorersgavethisregionwhentheyarrivedin1497.Atthattime,onlyafewZuluclansoccupiedthearea.Bythelate1700s,theAmaZuluclan,meaning"PeopleofHeaven,"constitutedasignificantnation.TodaytheZuluclanrepresentsthelargestethnicgroupinSouthAfrica,withatleast1
3、1millionpeopleinthekingdom.TheZulupeopleareknownaroundtheworldfortheirelaborateglassbeadwork,whichtheywearnotonlyintheirtraditionalcostumesbutaspartoftheireverydayapparel.ItispossibletolearnmuchaboutthecultureoftheZuluclanthroughtheirbeadwork.Theglassbeadtradeintheprovinceof
4、KwaZulu-Natalisbelievedtobeafairlyrecentindustry.In1824,anEnglishmannamedHenryFrancisFynnbroughtglassbeadstotheregiontoselltotheAfricanpeople.ThoughtheBritisharenotconsideredthefirsttointroduceglassbeads,theywereamainsourcethroughwhichtheZulupeoplecouldaccessthemerchandiseth
5、eyneeded.GlassbeadshadalreadybeenmanufacturedbytheEgyptianscenturiesearlieraroundthesametimewhenglasswasdiscovered.SomeresearchpointstotheideathatEgyptianstriedtofoolSouthAfricanswithglassbypassingitoffasjewelssimilarinvaluetogoldorivory.Phoenicianmarinersbroughtcargoesofthe
6、sebeadstoAfricaalongwithotherwares.BeforetheEuropeansarrived,manyArabtradersbroughtglassbeadsdowntothesoutherncountriesviacamelback.Duringcolonization',theEuropeansfacilitatedandmonopolizedtheglassbeadmarket,andtheZulunationbecameevenmorecloselytiedtothisartform.TheZulupeopl
7、ewerenotfooledintobelievingthatglassbeadswerepreciousstonesbut,rather,usedthebeadstoestablishcertaincodesandritualsintheirsociety.IntheAfricantradition,kingswereknowntowearbeadedregaliasoheavythattheyrequiredthehelpofattendantstogetoutoftheirthrones.Zulubeadworkisinvolvedine
8、veryrealmofsociety,fromreligionandpoliticstofamilyandmarriage.AmongtheZuluw
