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1、UnitFourTextATheScopeofPharmacologyInitsentirety,pharmacologyembracestheknowledgeofthehistory,source,physicalandchemicalproperties,compounding,biochemicalandphysiologicaleffects,mechanismsofaction,absorption,distribution,biotransformationandexcretion,andtherapeuticandot
2、herusesofdrugs.Sinceadrugisbroadlydefinedasanychemicalagentthataffectslivingprocesses,thesubjectofpharmacologyisobviouslyquiteextensive.1.entirety[en'taɪərɪti:]n.整体,全面initsentirety作为一个整体2.compounding['kɑmpaundiŋ]n.配料；组合；复合3.Mechanism['mekənizəm]n.机械装置；构造,机制；办法,技巧,途径4.ab
3、sorption[əb'sɔrpʃən]n.吸收；吸收过程；吸收作用；专注，专心致志；合并；同化5.distribution[,distri'bju:ʃən]n.分发,分配；散布,分布6.biotransformation[,baiəu,trænsfə'meiʃən]n.生物转化metabolism[mɪ'tæbə,lɪzəm]n.新陈代谢7.excretion[eks'kri:ʃən]n.(动植物的)排泄,排泄物8.therapeutic[,θerə'pju:tik]adj.治疗(学)的;疗法的；对身心健康有益的9.living['
4、liviŋ]adj.活(着)的；现存的,在使用中的；逼真的,生动的n.生计,生存之道；生活方式整体而言，药理学包括药学发展的历史，药物的来源、理化性质、配伍，药物对机体的生化过程和生理功能的影响，药物的作用机制，药物的吸收、分布、生物转化和排泄，药物的治疗作用和其他作用。广义的药物是指任何可以影响生命过程的化学物质，因而药理学这个学科包括的内容非常广泛，这是显而易见的。Forthephysicianandthemedicalstudent,however,thescopeofpharmacologyislessexpansivetha
5、nindicatedbytheabovedefinitions.Theclinicianisinterestedprimarilyindrugsthatareusefulintheprevention,diagnosis,andtreatmentofhumandisease,orinthepreventionofpregnancy.Hisstudyofthepharmacologyofthesedrugscanbereasonablylimitedtothoseaspectsthatprovidethebasisfortheirrat
6、ionalclinicaluse.Secondarily,thephysicianisalsoconcernedwithchemicalagentsthatarenotusedintherapybutarecommonlyresponsibleforhouseholdandindustrialpoisoningaswellasenvironmentalpollution.Hisstudyofthesesubstancesisjustifiablyrestrictedtothegeneralprinciplesofprevention,
7、recognition,andtreatmentofsuchtoxicityorpollution.Finally,allphysiciansshareintheresponsibilitytohelpresolvethecontinuingsociologicalproblemoftheabuseofdrugs.1.physician[fi'ziʃən]n.医生,内科医生2.clinician[kli'niʃən]n.临床医生,临床教师3.definition[,defi'niʃən]n.定义,释义；清晰(度),鲜明(度)；清楚的说
8、明;轮廓4.primarily['praimərili]adv.主要地,首要地;本来；首先5.Secondarily['sekəndərili]adv.在其次;在第二位;从属地6.reasonably['ri:znəbl
