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1、03!mUNIVERSITYLIBRARYCallNo.Slf>'No.53^///J/VAccesaonIf37AuthorLt^'tyte.***^)J~*TitleThisbookshouldbereturnedonorbeforethe9atelastmarkedbelow.AMATHEMATICIAN'SMISCELLANYU.J&.J-iXJLJLjJlVVAMathematician'sMiscellanyMETHUEN&CO.LTD.LONDON36EssexStreet,Strand,W.C.2Firstpub
2、lishedtn1963CATALOGUENO.5445/UPRINTEDINGREATBRITAINACKNOWLEDGEMENTSAcknowledgementsaredueforpermissiontoreprintthefollowingarticlesandreviews.TotheEditoroftheMathe-'maticalGazetteforNewtonandtheAttractionofaSphere',*JandthereviewofRamanujan'sCollectedLargeNumbers,Papers.TotheE
3、ditoroftheSpectatorandMr.ArthurRobinsonfortheCompetitionPrizeEntry,p.41.TotheEditoroftheCambridgeReviewforthebatchofthreereviews,p.91.IhaveprofitedbycriticismsandsuggestionsfromDr.T.M.FlettandMr.J.M.K.Vyvyan.IamunderaspecialdebttoProfessorT.A.A.Broadbent,whoreadeverythingcriti
4、cally:the'Fermat'articlewasdrasticallyrewritteninthelightofhiscomments.IamunderanotherspecialdebttoDr.Flett,whodrewthediagramsforme.CONTENTSPAQ2SMATHEMATICSWITHMINIMUMRAWMATERIAL3FROMTHEMATHEMATICALTRIPOS24CROSS-PURPOSES,UNCONSCIOUSASSUMPTIONS,HOWLERS,MISPRINTS,ETC.29THEZOO45B
5、ALLISTICS49THEDILEMMAOFPROBABILITYTHEORY64FROMFERMAT'SLASTTHEOREMTOTHEABOLITIONOFCAPITALPUNISHMENT58AMATHEMATICALEDUCATION66REVIEWOFRAMANUJAN'SCOLLECTEDPAPERS84THREEREVIEWS91NEWTONANDTHEATTRACTIONOFASPHERE94LARGENUMBERS100THEDISCOVERYOFNEPTUNE117THEADAMS-AIRYAFFAIR129'LIONANDM
6、AN'135Introduction1.AMiscellanyisacollectionwithoutanaturalorder-ingrelation;Ishallnotattemptaspuriousunitybyimposingartificialones.Ihopethatvarietymaycom-pensateforthislack,exceptforthoseirreconcilablepersonswhodemandanappearanceofunityanduniformlevel.Anyoneopentotheideaofloo
7、kingthroughapopularbookonmathematicsshouldbeabletogetonwiththisone.I'willdescribe,andsometimesaddress,himasanamateur'.Iconstantlymeetpeoplewhoaredoubtful,generallywith-outduereason,abouttheirpotentialcapacity.Thefirsttestiswhetheryougotanythingoutofgeometry.Tohavedislikedorfai
8、ledtogetonwithothersubjectsneedmeannothing;muchdrillanddrudge