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1、中药土贝母现代探究进展作者:朱海鸥朱晓薇侯文彬张新鑫【摘要】目的介绍土贝母研究的最新进展,预测其应用前景与新的研发方向。方法该文查阅了大量关于土贝母研究的中外文献资料,从化学成分、药理活性、制剂开发等方对其进行比较全面地综述。结果与结论土贝母含有多种化学成分,具有多种显著的药理作用,配合现代提取、制剂工艺,可开发为抗癌、抗病毒以及治疗白血病和艾滋病等多种新药。【关键词】土贝母;化学成分;药理活性;制剂开发;临床应用Abstract:Objectiveinthisreview,newprogressofBolbostemmapaniculatumwasintroduced.Its
2、applicationperspectivesandnewresearchdirectionswereforecastedaswelLMethodsReferringtoalargenumberofdomesticandforeignliteratures,thechemicalcompositions,pharmacologicalactivitiesanddevelopmentofpreparationsofBolbostemmapaniculatumwerereviewed.ResultsandConclusionsManychemicalcompositionswere
3、reportedtoisolatefromBolbostemmapaniculatum,andcorrespondingly,manysignificantpharmacologicalactivitieshavebeendetected.Companiedwithmodernextractionandpreparationtechnologies,Bolbostemmapaniculatumcanbedevelopedintosomenewdrugsfortreatingcancer,virus,leukemiaandAIDS・Keywords:Bolbostemmapani
4、culatum;Chemicalcompositions;Pharmacologicalactivities;Developmentofpreparations;Clinicalapplications土贝母BolbostemmapaniculatunKMaxim・)Franquet,别名假贝母、地苦胆、草贝等,为葫芦科土贝母属植物,以鳞茎入药。性味苦,微寒,归肺、脾经,有散结、消肿、解毒之功能。主要分布于河北、河南、山西、山东、甘肃等省。1化学成分1.1皂昔类[1〜7]皂昔类为土贝母的主要活性成分,含量较大。现已发现的皂昔共16种:土贝母皂昔甲(1);土贝母皂昔乙(2);土贝
5、母皂昔丙(3);土贝母皂昔丁(4);土贝母皂昔戊(5);土贝母皂昔VI(6);双糖链皂:3-0-a-L-毗喃阿拉伯糖(1-2)-B-D-毗喃葡萄糖-贝萼皂昔元2-8-0-3-D-毗喃木糖(1-3)-a-L-毗喃鼠李糖(1-2)—a—L—毗喃阿拉伯糖酯昔(7);7B,18,20,26-四轻基-(20S)-达玛-24E-烯-3-0-a-L-(3-乙酰基)毗喃阿拉伯糖基-(1-2)-B-D-毗喃葡萄糖昔(8);70,18,20,26-四龛基-(20S)-达玛-24E-烯-3-0-a-L-(4-乙酰基)毗喃阿拉伯糖基-(1-2)-B-D-毗喃葡萄糖昔(9);7B,18,20,26-四羟
6、基-(20S)-达玛-24E-烯-3-0-a-L-毗喃阿拉伯糖基-(1-2)-B-D-(6-乙酰基)毗喃葡萄糖昔(10);7B,20,26-三務基-(20S)-达玛-24E-烯-3-0-a-L-毗喃阿拉伯糖基-(1-2)-B-D-毗喃葡萄糖昔(11);73,20,26-三務基-(20S)-达玛-24E-烯-3-0-a-L-(3-乙酰基)毗喃阿拉伯糖基-(1-2)-B-D-毗喃葡萄糖昔(12);7B,20,26-三释基-(20S)-达玛-24E-烯-3-0-a-L-(4-乙酰基)毗喃阿拉伯糖基-(1-2)-B-D-毗喃葡萄糖昔(13);7B,20,26-三軽基-(20S)-达玛-
7、24E-烯-3-0-a-L-(3-乙酰基)毗喃阿拉伯糖基-(1-2)-B-D-毗喃葡萄糖昔(14);7B,20,26-三餐基-(20S)-达玛-24E-烯-3-0-a-L-(4-乙酰基)毗喃阿拉伯糖基-(l-2)-B-D-毗喃葡萄糖昔(15);6,-0-棕桐酰基土贝母皂昔甲(16)。1.2笛醇及其昔类和酯类[1,5,7,8]笛醇类物质是土贝母的另一主要活性成分,现已发现的该类物质有A7,22,25-豆笛三烯-3-醇;A7,16,25(26一豆笛三烯醇;A7,22,25-豆笛三烯醇-3-0-十