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1、Non-finiteverb/non-predicateverbInfinitive(不定式):todo-ing,-edparticiplesLanguageStructureDoyouknowwhattosaytoapersononhisbirthdayinEnglish?(Theinfinitiveprecededbyawh-wordusedastheobject,“疑问词不定式”作know的宾语。)Wh-疑问词后可接不定式构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。如：①WhentoleaveforLondonhasnotbeendecidedyet.（不定式在句子中做主语）②Mr.S
2、mithdidn'tknowwhethertoleaveorstaythere.（不定式在句子中做宾语）③Thequestionwaswheretogetthemedicineneeded.（不定式在句子中表语）以上例句中疑问词＋不定式部分，均可转换为相应的从句形式。如：①WhentoleaveforLondonhasnotbeendecidedyet.（不定式在句子中做主语）=WhenweshouldleaveforLondon…②Mr.Smithdidn‘tknowwhethertoleaveorstaythere.（不定式在句子中做宾语）=…whetherheshouldleaveor
3、staythere③Thequestionwaswheretogetthemedicineneeded.（不定式在句子中表语）=Thequestionwaswherewecouldgetthemedicine(thatwas)needed.常见的可以像know这样带“疑问词不定式”作宾语（构成knowwh-todo)的动词有：decide,findout,forget,inquire,learn,remember,see,settle,think,consider,understand,wonder等；有些带双宾语的及物动词也可带“疑问词不定式”作宾语，如Canyouadvisemewhic
4、htobuy?用法如advice的动词有：tell,inform,show,ask等。Ittakesusaboutforty-fiveminutestogotothestation.(Theinfinitiveusedasapostponedsubjectinthepatternittakes…todosomething,不定式做主语，但须后置，由it作为形式主语放在开头。)①WhentoleaveforLondonhasnotbeendecidedyet.IthasnotbeendecidedyetwhentoleaveforLondon.Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhe
5、nweshouldleaveforLondon.Wecanseebusescomeandgoinabusystreet.(“come”and“go”arethebareinfinitiveusedastheobjectcomplement,不带to的不定式用作宾语补足语。)用法与see相同的动词通常为感官动词，如：hear,feel,listento,lookat,watch,notice,observe,perceive,note等；或少数使役动词，如let,make,have,bid等。要注意的是，这些动词用在被动语态中时，须补上被省略掉的不定式符号to。如：Thebusescouldb
6、eseentocomeandgoinabusystreet.在感官动词后可用不带to的不定式补足语，也可用分词作宾语，其区别是，不定式宾补表示动作的完成；分词宾补表示动作正在进行，尚未完成；另外，动词的不定式表示动作的一次性，而分词作宾补表示动作的反复。如：Isawasoldiergetonthetrainanddisappeared.Isawasoldiergettingonthetrain.Sheheardthedoorslam.Sheheardthedoorslamming.4.Wouldyoumindtellingthetime?(The–ingparticipleusedasthe
7、objectinthepatternWouldyoumind…?动名词作宾语。)常带动名词作宾语的动词有：enjoy,deny,finish,keep,miss,prevent,quit,resist,suggest,prohibit等。-ingparticiples现在分词可用于：①构成进行时。e.g.WearestudyingEnglish.②当副词作状语。e.g.Thechildrencame,sing
