职业流动与工资不平等【外文翻译】

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1、外文翻译原文OccupationalMobilityandWageInequalityMaterialSource：TheReviewofEconomicStudiesAuthor：GueorguiKambourovInthisarticlewearguethatwageinequalityandoccupationalmobilityareintimatelyrelated.Wearemotivatedbyourempiricalfindingsthathumancapitalisoccupationspecificandthatthefr

2、actionofworkersswitchingoccupationsintheU.S.wasashighas16%ayearintheearly1970’sandhadincreasedto21%bythemid-1990’s.Wedevelopageneralequilibriummodelwithoccupation-specifichumancapitalandheterogeneousexperiencelevelswithinoccupations.Wefindthatthemodel,calibratedtomatchthele

3、velofoccupationalmobilityinthe1970’s,accountsquitewellforthelevelof(withingroup)wageinequalityinthatperiod.Next,wefindthatthemodel,calibratedtomatchtheincreaseinoccupationalmobility,accountsforover90%oftheincreaseinwageinequalitybetweenthe1970’sandthe1990’s.Thetheoryisalsoq

4、uantitativelyconsistentwiththelevelandincreaseintheshort-termvariabilityofearnings.INTRODUCTIONDespiteanactivesearchforthereasonsbehindthelargeincreasein(within-group)wageinequalityintheU.S.overthelast30years,identifyingtheculprithasprovedelusive.Inthispaperwesuggestthatthe

5、increaseinthevariabilityofproductivityshockstooccupations,coupledwiththeendogenousresponseofworkerstothischange,canaccountformostoftheincreaseinwithin-groupwageinequality.Severalfacts,documentedindetailinSection2,characterizethechangesinwageinequalityintheU.S.fromtheearly19

6、70’stothemid-1990’s.(1)Inequalityofhourlywageshasincreasedovertheperiod—thevarianceoflogshasincreasedfrom0·225to0·354,or57%,whiletheGinicoefficienthasincreasedfrom0·258to0·346,or34%.(2)Mostoftheincreaseinwageinequalitywasduetorisinginequalitywithinnarrowlydefinedage–educati

7、onsubgroups.(3)Theincreaseinwageinequalityreflectsincreaseddispersionthroughouttheentirewagedistribution.6(4)Individualearningsbecamesubstantiallymorevolatile.InKambourovandManovskii(2008)wedocumentthattherewasaconsiderableincreaseinthefractionofworkersswitchingoccupations(

8、e.g.cook,accountant,chemicalengineer)overthesameperiod.Wefindthattheannualrateofoc