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1、外文翻译原文FlagshipAttractionsandSustainableRuralTourismDevelopmentMaterialSource:DepartmentofTourismandRecreation,LincolnBusinessSchool,UniversityofLincoln,UKAuthor:RichardSharpley1RuralTourismandtheSustainabilityImperativeRuralareashavelongbeenattractivetotourists(Roberts&Hall,2001).Nevertheless,ru
2、raltourismremained,untilthemid20thcentury,arelativelysmallscale,passiveactivity.Sincethen,however,boththenatureandscaleofruraltourismandthesocioeconomicstructureofthecountrysidethatplayshosttotouristshaveundergoneafundamentaltransformation.Notonlyhasruraltourismbecomeasignificanttourismactivityi
3、nmanycountries–withalmostaquarterofEuropeanschoosingthecountrysideastheirholidaydestination(EuroBarometer,1998;Grolleau,1987)–butalsotherangeofactivitiesclassifiedasruraltourismhasexpandedenormously(Barke,2004).Asaresult,ever-increasingpressurehasbeenplaceduponnaturalandhumanresourcesinruralarea
4、s.Atthesametime,ruraleconomiesandsocietiesinmostindustrialisednationshaveundergoneaprocessofrestructuringmanifestedinthefragmentationofruralsystemsingeneral,andthedecliningroleoftheagrarianeconomyinparticular(Jenkinsetal.,1998).Consequently,tourismhasassumedamorecentralrole,actingasafocusforcomp
5、etingdemandsandprocesses,whileprovidingapotentialvehicleforeconomicandsocialregeneration,particularlyinperipheralruralregions(Briedenhann&Wickens,2004;Cavaco,1995;Gannon,1994;Hoggartetal.,1995).AsShawandWilliams(2002:289)observe,‘tourismtendstofigurelargeintheproductionist–postproductionistparad
6、igmshiftinruralareas’;thisisevidencedbyrecentfigureswhichsuggestthat,inEngland,56%ofallfulltimefarmershavediversified,manyintotourism-relatedactivities,earningthemover￡100millionannually(DEFRA,2004a).Collectively,thesefactorshavesignificantlyincreasedthecomplexityofmanagingthecountrysideingenera
7、l,anditsroleasaresourcefortourisminparticular.Notonlymustaccesstoandwithinthecountrysidebeprovidedfortouristswithanincreasingvarietyofdemands,butalsosuchdemandsmustbecateredforinamannerwhichisenvironmentallyappropriate,which
