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1、外文翻译原文SomeDeterminantsAndEffectsOfFDIInSingaporeMaterialSource:AsiaPacificJournalofManagementAuthor:DonaldJ.LecrawINTRODUCTIONSingapore,asmall,opennewlyindustrializingcountry(NIC),hasreliedheavilyoninternationaltrade,finance,andforeigndirectinvestment(FDI)foritseconomicdevelopment.Therehas
2、alsobeenasignificantamountofoutwardforeigndirectinvestmentbyfirmsbasedinSingapore.Singapore'seconomicgrowthandstructuralchangehavebeeninlargemeasureduetoinwardandoutwardFDIandinternationaltrade.Singaporehasthemostopeneconomyintheworld.In1982,grossexportswere150percentofgrossdomesticproduct
3、(GDP)andeighttimesmanufacturingvalueadded.Inthesameyeargrossfixedinvestmentbymultinationalenterprises(MNE)wasalmost$S6billion,equaltoonethirdofGDP,thehighestshareofanycountryintheworld.Singapore,anislandcitystatewithapopulationof2.4million,received2.2milliontouristsin1982,andwasamajortrans
4、portation,communication,financeandtradecentreforSouthandSoutheastAsia.Ingeneral,thegovernmentofSingaporehasimplementeditsoveralldevelopmentstrategythroughtheprivateenterprisemarketsystemanddevoteditseffortstoinfluencingthemacro-economicenvironment--tariffsandnon-tariffbarrierstotrade,theex
5、changerate,taxation,savings,theinvestmentclimate,finance,laborrelationsandwages,humanresourcesandinfrastructuredevelopmentsothatprivateenterpriseswouldbeattractedtoinvestinindustriesinwhichSingaporehadacomparativeadvantageandtheprivatesectorcouldsuccessfullyfulfillthecentralroleithadbeengi
6、ven.Manygovernmenteconomicpolicieshavebeenconsciouslydesignedtofollowa'Japanese-style'developmentstrategyinthattheytrytoanticipatethetrendsinSingapore'sfactorandproductmarketstofacilitateandaccelerateeconomicrestructuring.Singapore'sexchangeratepolicy,however,hasgenerallyworkedintheopposit
7、edirection.LiketheJapanese,theSingaporegovernmenthasintervenedintheforeignexchangemarkettomaintaintheSingaporedollarbelowitsfreemarketlevel.ForeigndirectinvestmenthasplayedacentralroleinSingapore'seconomicdevelopmentstrategy.1Sinceforeign-ownedandjoint-venture
