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1、外文翻译原文ExploratoryBehaviorandtheWelfareofIntensivelyKeptAnimalsMaterialSource:JournalofAgriculturalEthics,Volume2,pp.161-169Author:D.G.M.Wood-Gush,K.VestergaardABSTRACTExploratorybehaviorisconsideredunderthefollowingcategories:(1)extrinsicexplorationinwhichtheanimalseeksinformationaboutcon
2、ventionreinforcerssuchasfood,(2)intrinsicexplorationwhichisdirectedtowardstimuliwhichmayhavenobiologicalsignificance,furtherdividedintoinspectiveandinquisitiveexploration.Intheformertheanimalinspectsaparticularobject;inthelatter,theanimalperformsbehaviortomakeachangeinitsenvironment,rathe
3、rthanmerelyrespondingtoachange.Extrinsicexplorationissynonymouswiththeethologicalterm,appetitivebehavior.Itisshownthatmuchofthebehaviorindicativeoffrustrationreportedinintensivelyhousedanimalsoccurswhentheappetitivecomponentofadriveratherthantheconsummatorycomponent,isprevented.Considerat
4、ionofinspectiveexplorationisnecessaryforgoodhusbandrypractice,forfearisanimportantcompetingresponse.Inquisitiveexplorationhasnotbeenwidelyinvestigatedininfraprimatespecies,buttheauthorspresentseveralpossibleexamplesinthespeciesofcommonagriculturalanimals.However,theysuggestthatthepropensi
5、tytoshowthistypeofexplorationmayvarybetweencloselyrelatedspecies.Inenvironmentsbarrentotheextentofstiflingexploration,animalsmaydevelopapathy,anditsrelevancetoanimalwelfareisdiscussed.KeywordsExploratorybehavior,animalwelfare,farmanimals,zooanimals.Exploratorybehaviorisalargelyneglectedar
6、eaofanimalbehaviorbutwefeelthatitisamajorfactortobeconsideredinthewelfareofanimals.Berlyne(1960)divideditintoanumberofcategories:Extrinsicexploratorybehaviorconsistsofthoseresponsesdirectedatobtaininginformationaboutconventionalreinforcerssuchasfoodoranestingsite.Itisthussynonymouswithapp
7、etitivebehaviorandinthisarticleweinterchangetheterms.Intrinsicexploration,ontheotherhand,isdefinedasexplorationdirectedatstimulithatmayhavenobiologicalsignificance;theinvestigationofanovelobjectintheanimal'shabitualenvironmentwouldfallintothiscategory.Berlynefurther
