塑造非洲的未来【外文翻译】

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1、外文翻译原文ShapingtheFutureofAfricanMaterialSource:http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/9518/1/cp04ny02.pdfAuthor:HezronOmareNyangitoSubSaharanAfricanagricultureiscurrentlyfacingchallengesininternationaltradewithrespecttoexternalmarketaccessconditionsandcompetitioninwor

2、ldmarketsasaresultoftradeliberalizationeffortsundertheworldtradeorganization(WTO)agreementsandinparticulartheagreementonagriculture.ThecompositionofagriculturalexportsandmarketsshowsthatexportsfromSubSaharanAfricaarelessdiversifiedwithonlyfivecommoditiesmainlycoffee

3、,cocoa,cotton,hidesandskins,andhorticulturalcropsdominatinginmostcountries.MarketsarealsoconcentratedononlyafewcountrieswiththeEuropeanUnionbeingamajormarketalthoughintraAfricatradehasincreasedinrecentyearsbecauseofregionalintegrationefforts.Importantexternalmarketa

4、ccessbarriersfacedaretariffpeaksandescalationparticularlyforagro-processedandlivestockproductsindevelopedcountriesandnontariffbarriersparticularlysanitaryandphytosanitary(SPS)andtechnicalbarrierstotrade(TBT)measures,safeguardandanti-dumpingmeasures,anddomesticandexp

5、ortsubsidiesonagriculturalproductsfordevelopedcountries.　　TheperformanceofagriculturalexportsfromSubSaharanAfricabasedonproductionandvaluefortheperiod1990to2000showsmixedtrendsacrosscountriesandcommodities.Ingeneral,therehasbeenanincreaseinproductionandexportsofnon-

6、traditionalcommoditiesbutexportsoftraditionalexportsforsomecountriesshowanincreasingtrendwhileforotherstheyhavestagnatedorevendeclinedduetodecliningworldmarketpricesanddomesticmarketingproblems.Inconclusion,thefutureofincreasedexportsfromSubSaharanAfricacountrieslie

7、sinvalueaddingfortraditionalcommoditiesanddiversificationtonon-traditionalproductssuchasflowers,fruitsand,fishandfishproducts.Thus,tariffescalationandpeaksforagro-processedproductsandNBTssuchasSPSandTBTare6importantissuestobefocusedonduringmultilateraltradenegotiati

8、ons,astheyaremajorbarrierstoincreasingexportsfromSubSaharanAfrica.Domesticandexportsubsidiesindevelopedcountriesarealsoofconcernbecausethe