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1、外文翻译原文Climatechangeandplanning:carboncontrolandspatialregulationMaterialSource:TownPlanningReview,LiverpoolUniversityPress,2008,79(1)Author:AidanWhileAfteradecadeoffalsestarts,thegoalofradicallyreducingemissionsofgreenhousegases,andparticularlycarbond
2、ioxide,isrisingupthepoliticalagenda.Therenewedurgencyofthe‘carboncontrol’agendareflectsatippingpointinpolitical,publicandmediaacceptanceoftherealityofglobalwarming,itshumancauses,andthefutureeconomicandsocialcostsofinaction.Politicalcommitmenttocarbon
3、controlisalsobeingdrivenbyvariousotherpressures,includingtherisingcostandinstabilityofoilsupplies,andthethreatsposedbyrapidindustrialisationinIndiaandChina.Attheinternationallevel,thedesperatesearchisonforarobustprogrammeforreducingcarbonemissionstole
4、velsthatavoidirreversibleanddamagingglobalclimatechange(currentlylinkedtoa2℃riseinglobaltemperature).Likethe1997KyotoProtocol,thenewinternationalprogrammewillbebasedonthesettingofnationaltargets.However,unliketheKyotoProtocol,thesetargetswillbeframedw
5、ithinanagreedsetof‘environmental’limitsforfuturegreenhousegasemissionsunderpinnedbybroadinternationalsupport.Clearlythereisstillmuchtobenegotiatedintermsofthedistributionoftheglobalemissionsquota,butitisamatterof‘when’ratherthan‘if’thepost-Kyototarget
6、willbeset.Thegeopoliticsofcarboncontrolmeansthatthetargetswillberigorouslymonitoredandenforcedatnationalandinternationallevels.TowardsanewregulatoryeraofcarboncontrolMostWesternnationshavebeguntoanticipatetheneweraofcarboncontrol,withNorwayplanningtob
7、ecomecarbon-neutralbycuttingitsnetgreenhousegasemissionstozeroby2050(Vidal,2007).IntheUK,theSternReviewoftheeconomicsofclimatechange(HMTreasury,2006)hasbeenfollowedbyasuccessionofpolicycommitments:arequirementforzero-carbonnewhousingby2016;morestringe
8、ntnationaltargetsforreducingcarbondioxideemissionsby60percenton1990levelsby2050;adraftplanningpolicystatementonclimatechange(DCLG,2006);ministerialenthusiasmforapersonalcarbon-tradingscheme;andaraftofrelatedpolicyinitiativesacrossgovernmentdep
