《GB 29921-2013 食品中致病菌限量》标准解读

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1、关于致病菌微生物限量标准制定的主要原则我国致病菌限量标准现状GB29921制定的背景GB29921的主要内容与当前标准相比的主要变化实施GB29921过程中的注意事项微生物致病菌食品安全控影响人制指标之一体健康个体微小、结构简单，肉眼不可见或看不清楚原核微生物真核微生物不具细胞结构的分布广泛、种类繁多无孔不入50-600万种（植物约50万种、动物约150万种）生长繁殖快、代谢能力强大肠杆菌：三代/小时；24小时可达47×1022个，绕地球一周比表面积大，代谢反应快遗传稳定性差、易发生变异易受不良环境影响DomenicCaravettaPeople

2、haveastrongdesiretotreatmicrobiologyresultsasveryabsoluteandfullyrepresentingafood.AfoodistestedItisnegativeforakindofpathogen(salmonella)ThereforesalmonellaisabsentThisishumanlogic,notmicrobiology.WemustimprovetheunderstandingofmicrobiologyConsiderhowtheseorganismsexist.Appr

3、eciatethediversityandvariability.Organismsinnaturearenotequallydistributed.Itiseasysofaildetectingpathogensinfoodsimplybecausetheynotinthesample.Wecanimprovetestingandsamplingmethods.Humanlogicagain,andhelpful.Butwemustappreciatethenatureofexistence.Strictspecificationsdonotp

4、roducesafefoods.NeedstrictprocesscontrolsthateliminationhazardsWithoutprocess,thespecificationismeaninglessCAC/GL21Amicrobiologicalcriterionshouldbeappropriatetoprotectthehealthoftheconsumerandwhereappropriate,alsoensurefairpracticesinfoodtrade.Amicrobiologicalcriterionshould

5、bepracticalandfeasibleandestablishedonlywhennecessary.Thepurposeofestablishingandapplyingamicrobiologicalcriterionshouldbeclearlyarticulated.Theestablishmentofmicrobiologicalcriteriashouldbebasedonscientificinformationandanalysisandfollowastructuredandtransparentapproach.Micr

6、obiologicalcriteriashouldbeestablishedbasedonknowledgeofthemicroorganismsandtheiroccurrenceandbehavioralongthefoodchain.Theintendedaswellastheactualuseofthefinalproductbyconsumersneedstobeconsideredwhensettingamicrobiologicalcriterion.Therequiredstringencyofamicrobiologicalcr

7、iterionusedshouldbeappropriatetoitsintendedpurpose.Periodicreviewsofmicrobiologicalcriteriashouldbeconducted,asappropriate,inordertoensurethatmicrobiologicalcriteriacontinuetoberelevanttothestatedpurposeundercurrentconditionsandpractices.主要考虑的因素致病菌对健康的危害原料的致病菌状况加工操作过程对致病菌状况的影

8、响消费人群状况其他因素（成本-效益）微生物限量，1981－2003，83肉制品8干果2乳制品6调味品11蛋制品1饮料9水产品3酒1果蔬（