现实主义_欧洲文学史课件

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1、Realisminthe19thcenturyRealismAmovementinartandliterature;ItdevelopedinEuropeandtheUS;Inthesecondhalfofthe19thcenturyandtheearlyyearsofthe20thcentury;Itcentered集中inthenovel;Itemphasizesfidelity忠实torealityandactualexperience实际经验.Itaimsatatruthfulrepresentation陈述ofhumanb

2、ehaviorandsurroundingsorfiguresandobjects客观事物exactlyastheyactorappearinlife.Attemptsatrealismhavebeenmadeseveraltimesthroughouthistoryinallthearts,buttheterm词汇isgenerallyrestricted限定约束toamovementthatbeganinthemid-19thcentury,inreactiontothehighlysubjective主观approachofR

3、omanticism.ItwasinoppositiontoRomanticism’semphasisonfeelingsandimaginations,whichwasbelievedasanescapefromrealitybythewritersofRealism.TheworldreflectedinRomanticwriters’workswasfalse错误的andtheromanticworkswereconsideredtoosentimental伤感的感情脆弱的bytherealists.ItbeganinFran

4、ceinthenovelsofFlaubertandtheshortstoriesofMaupassant.Centraltotheidea核心思想ofRealismisthebeliefthatliteratureisthemirror镜子ofreallife.WritersofRealismuseeverydayscenesandoccurencesastheirsubject主题.Method:observationalandobjectiverepresentationTherealistsregardcharacteriz

5、ation人物塑造ratherthantheplot情节thecenterofthenovel.Therealistshavemoreinterestinsocialproblemsandtendtotalkaboutethical伦理issues.Itslanguageisusuallysimple,clearanddirect.Itstoneisusuallycomicandsometimessatirical讽刺性的.Therealistsconcentrateonmiddle-classlifeandpreoccupatio

6、ns想法,avoidinglarger,moredramaticissues.Fortherealists,itisimportanttoreflecttheworldasitisfromthepersonalexperienceofit.RepresentativefiguresFranceStendhalBalzac巴尔扎克FlaubertZola左拉MaupassantEnglandDickens狄更斯--GeorgeEliot--theBrontesistersThackeray--ThomasHardyRussiaAnto

7、nChekhov--TurgenevDostoyevsky--TolstoyNorthernEuropeHenryIbsennatualismFrenchLiteratureStendhaloneoftheleadingRealistFrenchnovelistsofthe1800sMajorworks：TheRedandtheBlack(1830)《红与黑》TheCharterhouseofParma(1839)《巴马修道院》CharateristicsofhisworksHehasanacute敏锐的analysisofthec

8、haracters'psychology心理.Hisuseofcharacteranalysismarkshimasoneofthefirstrealistsin19th-centuryliteratureHisworksareals