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1、3NomenclaturesofChemicals3.1NomenclaturesofOrganicCompounds2021-9-1213.1NomenclaturesofOrganicCompoundsoutlinenHydrocarbons（烃）nAlkylHalides（卤代烷）nAlcohols（醇）nKetones（酮）nAldehedye（醛）nCarboxylicacid（羧酸）nEthers（醚）nEsters（酯）nAmine（胺）nAmide（酰胺）2021-9-122TheIUPACnomenclatureoforganicc
2、hemistryisasystematicmethod(系统方法）ofnamingorganicchemicalcompoundsasrecommendedbytheInternationalUnionofPureandAppliedChemistry(IUPAC).Ideally,everypossibleorganiccompoundshouldhaveanamefromwhichanunambiguousstructuralformulacanbedrawn.ThereisalsoanIUPACnomenclatureofinorganicch
3、emistry.2021-9-123Inchemistry,anumberofprefixes(前缀）,suffixes（后缀）andinfixesareusedtodescribethetypeandpositionoffunctionalgroupsinthecompound.1.Identifytheparenthydrocarbonchain.Thischainmustfollowthefollowingrules,inorderofprecedence:①Itshouldhavemaximumsubstituents（取代基）ofthesu
4、ffixfunctionalgroup.②Itshouldhavemaximumnumberofmultiplebonds.③Itshouldhavethemaximumlength.④Itshouldhavemaximumnumberofdoublebonds2021-9-1242.Identifytheparentfunctionalgroup,ifany,withthehighestorderofprecedence.3.Identifytheside-chains.4.Identifytheremainingfunctionalgroups,
5、ifany,andnamethembythenameoftheirions.5.Differentside-chainsandfunctionalgroupswillbegroupedtogetherinalphabeticalorder.6.Identifydouble/triplebonds.7.Numberthechain.①Hasthelowestlocantforthesuffixfunctionalgroup.②Hasthelowestlocantsformultiplebonds.③Hasthelowestlocantsfordoubl
6、ebonds④Hasthelowestlocantsforprefixes2021-9-1258.Numberthevarioussubstituentsandbondswiththeirlocants..9.Arrangeeverythinglikethis:Groupofsidechainsandsecondaryfunctionalgroupswithnumbersmadeinstep3+prefixofparenthydrocarbonchain(eth,meth)+double/triplebondswithnumbers(or"ane")
7、+primaryfunctionalgroupsuffixwithnumbers.Whereveritsays"withnumbers",itisunderstoodthatbetweenthewordandthenumbers,youusetheprefix(di-,tri-)10.Addpunctuation:①Putcommasbetweennumbers(255becomes2,5,5)②Putahyphenbetweenanumberandaletter(255trimethylhexanebecomes2,5,5-trimethylhex
8、ane)③Successivewordsaremergedintooneword(trimethylhexa
