连锁超市配送系统【外文翻译】

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1、外文翻译原文TheDistributionSystemsofSupermarketChainsMaterialSource:《TheServiceIndustriesJournal》Author:AlanC.McKinnonThisarticleconsidersthebenefitssupermarketchainsmayachievefromsettinguptheirowndistributionsystemsandattemptstoexplaindifferencesindistributionstrategies.Thesedifferencesappea

2、rtobecloselyrelatedtodifferencesinthewaychainshavegrown,managementinvestmentpreferencesandturnovercomposition,takeninconjunctionwithtotalsales,branchsizeandgeographicalextentofthebusiness.Theinvestigationofstructuralchangewithinthetertiarysectorcanbeseriouslyconstrainedbythewayinwhichse

3、rviceactivitiesareclassified.Thisisparticularlytrueofwholesalingandretailing.Thetraditionaldistinctionbetweenwholesalingandretailinghasbecomeblurredasfirmshaveextendedtheircontrolalongthedistributivechanneltoencompassboththeseactivities.Inmosttradestheintegrationofretailandwholesalefunc

4、tionshasbeenachievedmainlyasaresultofmultipleretailersdealingdirectwithproducersandassumingresponsibilityforthestorageandmovementofsupplies'upstream'oftheshop.Usingstatisticscurrentlyavailable,however,itisnotpossibletomeasuretheextenttowhichretailershavetakenonwholesalefunctions.Investm

5、entandemploymentdataformultipleretailersarepresentedinhighlyaggregateformandfailtodistinguishbetweentheirwarehousingandretailingoperations.Thenatureandlocationofinvestmentandemploymentclearlydiffersbetweenshopsandwarehouses.Althoughthesetwospheresofactivityarecloselyinter-related,theirg

6、rowthpotentialcanalsodiffersignificantly.Thescaleoftheretailoperationislargelydeterminedbythevolumeandspatialdistributionofconsumerexpenditure.Evenifthelevelofretailactivityremainsconstantamultiplecanvarythedemandsplaceduponitsownstorageanddeliverysystembyalteringtheallocationofflowsbet

7、weendistributivechannels.Amultipleretailercan,forexample,increaseitsdependenceonitsownsystemofdistributionbyrequiring13moremanufacturerstodeliversuppliesinbulkloadstoitswarehouse(s)ratherthaninsmallconsignmentsdirecttobranchstores(Pettit,1983).Thepressuresonmultiplestovarytheir