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1、Chapter8FirmsintheGlobalEconomy:ExportDecisions,Outsourcing,andMultinationalEnterprises43Chapter8FirmsintheGlobalEconomy:ExportDecisions,Outsourcing,andMultinationalEnterprisesnChapterOrganizationTheTheoryofImperfectCompetitionMonopoly:ABriefReviewMonopolisticCompetitionMonop
2、olisticCompetitionandTradeTheEffectsofIncreasedMarketSizeGainsfromanIntegratedMarket:ANumericalExampleTheSignificanceofIntra-IndustryTradeCaseStudy:TheEmergenceoftheTurkishAutomotivesIndustryFirmResponsestoTrade:Winners,Losers,andIndustryPerformancePerformanceDifferencesacros
3、sProducersTheEffectsofIncreasedMarketSizeTradeCostsandExportDecisionsDumpingCaseStudy:AntidumpingasProtectionismMultinationalsandOutsourcingCaseStudy:PatternsofForeignDirectInvestmentFlowsAroundtheWorldTheFirm’sDecisionRegardingForeignDirectInvestmentOutsourcingCaseStudy:Ship
4、pingJobsOverseas?OffshoringandUnemploymentintheUnitedStatesConsequencesofMultinationalsandForeignOutsourcingSummaryAPPENDIXTOCHAPTER8:DeterminingMarginalRevenue©2015PearsonEducationLimitedChapter8FirmsintheGlobalEconomy:ExportDecisions,Outsourcing,andMultinationalEnterprises4
5、3nChapterOverviewInpreviouschapters,tradeamongnationswasmotivatedbytheirdifferencesinfactorproductivityorrelativefactorendowments.Thetypeoftradethatoccurred,forexampleoffoodformanufactures,isbasedoncomparativeadvantageandiscalledinterindustrytrade.Thischapterintroducestradeba
6、sedoninternaleconomiesofscaleinproduction.Suchtradeinsimilarproductionsiscalledintraindustrytradeanddescribes,forexample,thetradingofonetypeofmanufacturedgoodforanothertypeofmanufacturedgood.Itisshownthattradecanoccurwhentherearenotechnologicalorendowmentdifferencesbutwhenthe
7、reareeconomiesofscaleorincreasingreturnsinproduction.Economiesofscalecaneithertaketheformof(1)externaleconomies,wherebythecostperunitdependsonthesizeoftheindustrybutnotnecessarilyonthesizeofthefirm,oras(2)internaleconomies,wherebytheproductioncostperunitofoutputdependsonthesi
8、zeoftheindividualfirmbutnotnecessarilyonthesizeoftheindustry.Whereas
