生理学课件 (胰岛素)Insulin-new version

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1、InsulinandGlucagonPaulLangerhans1869JosephVonMeringOskarMinkowski1889Polyphagia,Increasedthirstanddiuresis,alongwithhyperglycemiaandurinaryglucoseinpancreas-resecteddog.Establishedforthefirsttimetherelationsbetweenpancreasanddiabetes.WorldWarI1914-1918Nicolas

2、PaulescoBanting,Best&DiabeticdogJ.J.R.MacleodJamesBCollipF.G.BantingJan.11.1922-----FailedJan.23.1922-----DoneDeltacells(IGF)Alphacells(Glucagon)Betacells(Insulin)HistologyofIsletsDigestiveAciniBiochemistryofInsulinMainpoints:Effectsofinsulin(onmetabolismofpr

3、otein,fatandcarbohydrate);EffectsofGlucagonRegulationsofInsulinandGlucagonsecretionConnectionsbetweenmetabolismofglucose,fattyacidandaminoacidCarbohydrate(Glucose)AminoacidFattyacidUtilizationforenergyGlucogenProteinFatUtilizationforenergyⅠEffectofInsulinonMe

4、tabolismFatMetabolism1.Promotesfatsynthesis;2.Decreasesutilizationoffat;3.Promotestransportationoffatacidintoadiposecellsandthenstorageoffat;Carbohydrate(Glucose)FattyacidFat①②③SummarizedEffect:Enhancefatformation.Utilizationforenergy②ProteinMetabolism1.Incre

5、asetranscriptionofDNA,translationofmRNA;2.PromoteAAtransportedintocells;3.Inhibitproteincatabolism;1-3→proteinincreased4.Depressgluconeogenesis(aminoacid→glucose)Carbohydrate(Glucose)AminoacidProtein④①②③SummarizedEffect:IncreaseproteinCarbohydrateMetabolismGl

6、ucoseAminoacidProtein④④②GlycogenFattyacidFat③①GlycogenInsulinDeficiencyMetabolicAbnormalityinglucose,fatandproteinGlucose:Hyperglycemia,urinaryglucose,diuresisFat:Highconcentrationoffattyacid,cholesterolandphospholipidinplasma;acetoaceticacid,acetoneetc.(Acid

7、osis,KetosisandComa)Protein:ProteinDecreasedintissuesbutaminoacidincreasedinplasmaPromoteglycogenolysisandincreasebloodglucoseconcentration;Promotegluconeogenesis(derivedfromprotein)OthereffectsofminimalimportanceⅡEffectofGlucagonCarbohydrate(Glucose)Glucogen

8、Aminoacid②①ⅢRegulationofInsulinandGlucagonSecretionInsulinGlucagonBloodGlucoseHighLowTwoStagesBloodAminoAcidGlucagon,GH,CortisolGastrointestinalHormones(Gastrin,Secretin)Parasympatheticne