The English Literature of the 14th Century (

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1、TheAgeofChaucer(the14thCentury)HistoricalBackground1.TheHundredYears’War2.ThePeasantUprisingof13813.TheBlackDeathTheFiveImportantFiguresofthe14thCenturyGeoffreyChaucer:poetWilliamLangland:poetJohnWyclif:thefirsttranslatoroftheBibleJohnGower:thescholarandliterarymanJohnMandev

2、ille:thetravelerWilliamLangland(1332----1386)theconjecturedauthorofthe14th-centuryEnglishdream-visionPiersPlowmanPiersPlowman农夫皮尔斯PiersPlowmanisanallegoricalmoralandsocialsatire,writtenasa"vision"ofthecommonmedievaltype.Thepoemexistsinthreeversions:theAVersion(PrologeandtheV

3、isionofPiersPlowman)theBVersion(revisionofAandadditionoftheDoWell,DoBetter,DoBestsectiontheCVersion,arevisionofthewhole.Allegory:Ataleinverseorproseinwhichcharacters,actions,orsettingsrepresentabstractideasormoralqualities.Thus,anallegoryisastorywithtwomeanings,aliteralmeani

4、ngandasymbolicmeaning.GeoffreyChaucer(1340—1400)FatherofEnglishpoetryForerunnerofEnglishrealismForerunnerofEnglishhumanismTheFrenchPeriodTheItalianPeriodTheEnglishPeriodTheFrenchPeriodTheRomauntoftheRoseTheBookoftheDuchessTheItalianPeriodTheHouseofFameTheAssemblyofFoulsTroil

5、usandCryseydeTheLegendofGoodWomenTheEnglishPeriodTheCanterburyTalesTheCanterburyTalesItisacollection24stories.ThetalesarecontainedinsideaframetaleandtoldbyacollectionofpilgrimsonapilgrimagefromSouthwarktovisittheshrineofSaintThomasBecketatCanterburyCathedral.ThomasBecketThom

6、asBecket(1118–1170)wasArchbishopofCanterbury.HeisveneratedasasaintandmartyrbyboththeRomanCatholicChurchandtheAnglicanCommunion.HeengagedinconflictwithHenryIIofEnglandovertherightsandprivilegesoftheChurchandwasassassinatedbyfollowersofthekinginCanterburyCathedral.TheGeneralPr

7、ologueItsuppliesanartisticcorridorofpeoplefromallwalksoflifeintheMedievialEngland.Allkindsofpeopleexceptthehighestandthelowestarerepresentedbythethirty-onepilgrims.LanguageTheCanterburyTaleswerewritteninMiddleEnglish,specificallyinadialectassociatedwithLondonandspellingsasso

8、ciatedwiththethenemergentchancerystandard.LiteraryTermHeroicCouplet(英雄双行体）: