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1、18th-centuryEnglishLiteratureTheBriefIntroductionTheRiseofthe18thCenturyEnglishRealisticNovelTheappearanceoftheSatiricalNovelEthicalExaminationof18thCenturyEnglishDrama讽刺在戏剧中是很突出的艺术表现手法，在18世纪讽刺又找到了一个强有力的媒介，这一文艺形式因而得到充分发展，这一形式就是小说，18世纪英国开始盛行讽刺主义小说。back在启蒙运动思想的影
2、响下,在18世纪英国工商业发展的推动下,兴起了英国现实主义小说.它在形式上继承和发展了先前的文学传统,而英国小说家笛福、理查逊和菲尔丁的努力,则使其以新颖的风格,显示出独特的魅力和强大的生命力.back18世纪的英国戏剧集中思考人与社会、人与人、人与自然之间的关系,确立了典型的资产阶级戏剧伦理学,即重商主义的经济伦理、利已主义的生活伦理、感伤主义的自然伦理.这些颇具现代意识的伦理学向度,驱动了资本主义发展的车轮,同时整合了新时代的人际关系,通向了未来的生态社会主义.TheReasonsTheFlourishingo
3、fReadingAmongEnglishCommonPeopleinthe18thCenturyTheRevolutionof1688BritishIndustrialRevolutionandWorldIndustrialHegemonySomefamouswritersDanielDefoe(1660-1731)RobertBurns(1759-1796)JonathanSwift(1667-1745)Defoeledanactivelifeasajournalistandpoliticalpamphletee
4、r.Morethanoncehisopinionscarriedhimintoprison.HismostfamousworkisRobinsonCrusoe.Thefirstpartofthenovelrelatesthat,againsttheadviceofhisfather,Robinsonwishestopursuehislivelihoodbygoingtosea.Hedoessoandafterafalsestarthassomesuccessbutathirdvoyageendsinslavery.
5、HeeventuallyescapesandishelpedtoBrazilwherehebecomesasuccessfulplantationowner.HeembarksonaslavegatheringexpeditiontoWestAfricabutisshipwreckedoffthecoastofVenezuelainaterriblestorm. ThebulkofthenovelattendstoRobinson’slifeontheisland—howheaccomplisheshissurvi
6、valandevenestablisheshis"kingdom";howhemovesfromafranticstateofdiscontenttooneofresignationandcontentment;howhemeetsFridayand,finally,howheleavestheisland. Thoughanticlimactic,thethirdpartofthenoveltracesRobinson’ssecuringofwealththroughthehonestyandloyaltyoff
7、riends,hisreturntoEngland,travelsthroughthecontinentandalasttriptohisislandtoseehowthosehelefttherefared.backRobertBurns(1759–1796)wasapoetandalyricist.HeiswidelyregardedasthenationalpoetofScotland,andiscelebratedworldwide.Heisthebest-knownofthepoetswhohavewri
8、ttenintheScotslanguage,althoughmuchofhiswritingisalsoinEnglishanda'light'ScotsdialectwhichwouldhavebeenaccessibletoawideraudiencethansimplyScottishpeople.Atvarioustimesinhiscareer,
