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1、ABRIEFHISTORY OF THENOVELGENERALPARAMETERSOFTHENOVELGENRE:Fiction:NarrativeSTYLE:ProseLENGTH:ExtendedPURPOSE:Mimesis:Verisimilitude“TheNovelisapictureofreallifeandmanners,andofthetimeinwhichitiswritten.TheRomance,inloftyandelevatedlanguage,describeswhatneverhappenednorislikelytohappen.” ClaraReeve
2、,TheProgressofRomance,1785VerisimilitudeasemblanceoftruthrecognizablesettingsandcharactersinrealtimewhatHazlittcalls,“thecloseimitationofmenandmanners…theverytextureofsocietyasitreallyexists.”Thenovelemergedwhenauthorsfusedadventureandromancewithverisimilitudeandheroesthatwerenotsupermenbutordinar
3、ypeople,often,insignificantnobodies.NarrativePrecursorstotheNovelHeroicEpicsGilgamesh吉尔伽美什(传说中的苏美尔国王),Homer’sIliadandOdyssey,Mahabharata,Valmiki’sRamayana,罗摩衍那Virgil’sAeneid,Beowulf,TheSongofRolandAncientGreekandRomanRomancesandNovelsAnEphesianTaleandChaereasandCallirhoe,Petronius’s,Satyricon,Apul
4、eius’sTheGoldenAssOrientalFrameTalesTheJataka,AThousandandOneNightsIrishandIcelandicSagasTheTainboCuailinge,Njal’sSagaNarrativePrecursorstotheNovelMedievalEuropeanRomancesArthuriantalesculminatinginMalory’sMorteDarthurElizabethanProseFictionGascoigne’sTheAdventureofMasterF.J.,Lyly’sEuphues,Greene’
5、sPandosto:TheTriumphofTime,Nashe’sTheUnfortunateTraveller,Deloney’sJackofNewburyTravelAdventuresMarcoPolo,IbnBatuta,More’sUtopia,Swift’sGulliver’sTravels,Voltaire’sCandideNovelleBoccaccio’sDecameron,MargureritedeNavarre’sHeptameronMoralTalesBunyan’sPilgrim’sProgess,Johnson’sRasselasTheFirstNovelsT
6、heTaleofGenji(Japan,11thc.)byLadyMurasakiShikibuMonkey,WaterMargin,andRomanceofThreeKingdoms(China,16thc.)DonQuixote(Spain,1605-15)byMigueldeCervantesThePrincessofCleves(France,1678)byMadamedeLafayetteLoveLettersbetweenaNoblemanandHisSister(England,1683)andOroonoko王子的奴隶生活(1688)byAphraBehnRobinsonC
7、rusoe(England,1719),MollFlanders(1722)andAJournalofthePlagueYear(1722)byDanielDeFoePamela,orVirtueRewarded(England,1740-1742)bySamuelRichardsonJosephAndrews(England,1742)andTomJones(1746)byHenryFieldingTypesofNov
