民事再审新证据制度研究

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1、民事再审新证据制度研究摘要民事再审程序是我国民事诉讼程序中的一个重要组成部分，在我国提起民事再审程序的途径主要有三条：一是当事人申请再审；二是检察机关抗诉再审；三是法院依职权启动再审。在每一条途径屮申请的主要事由都有“有新的证据，足以推翻原判决、裁定的”这一规定。而我国民事诉讼证据规则体系中一直承认“再审新证据”这一概念，在民事再审启动机制中“新证据”的规定是否明确和细化，对于再审程序价值的实现起着至关重要的作用。“新证据”认定与把握得过宽将导致木为特别救济程序的民事再审程序被不断滥用，影响裁判的既判力；而“

2、新证据”认定与把握得过严又将使错误判决无法得到及时地纠正。因此，我们应通过立法的不断完善使民事再审事由屮“新证据”的认定与运用更加明确，这样才能更好地确定当事人中请再审的权利范围以及检察院抗诉的案件范围。当前，我国对民事再审新证据的规定述存在诸多问题，无法满足民事再审司法实务的需要。建立合理、有效而完善的民事再审新证据制度，在民事再审程序中就显得尤为重要。鉴于此，本文从民事再审新证据的概念和特征入手，分析我国民事再审新证据的立法与适用现状，在此基础上提出进一步完善我国民事再审新证据制度的建议。关键词：民事再审

3、程序；民事再审新证据；程序正义；证据失权制度；举证时限制度AStudyontheSystemofNewEvidenceforCivilRetrialAbstractThecivilretrialprocedureisanimportantcomponentofthecivilproceduresinourcountry.Therearethreewaystoinitiateacivilretrialprocedure.Thefirstoneisforthepartytoapplyforretrial.Thes

4、econdoneisfortheprocuratortoprotestagainstaverdictandrequestretrial.Thethirdoneisforthecourttostartretrialinaccordancewithitspower.Asfarasthemaincauseforapplyingineachofthethreeways,itisprovidedthatthereshallbe"newevidencetooverthrowthepreviousruleorverdict

5、5'.Theconceptof"newevidenceforretrial"hasbeenrecognizedinthesystemofevidencerulesofcivillitigationinourcountry.Inthemechanismtostartretrial,theexplicitanddetailedregulationof“newevidence”isvitaltotherealizationofthevalueofretrialprocedures.Abroadeningrecogn

6、itionandcontrolof"newevidence"wouldresultintheabuseofthecivilretrialprocedure,whichissupposedtobeaprocedureofspecialremedy.Itwouldalsoaffecttheresjudicata.Whileastrictrecognitionandcontrolof“newevidence"wouldmakeitunabletocorrectthewrongdecisionsintime.Ther

7、efore,itisnecessaryforustocontinuallyimprovethelegislationsoastomaketherecognitionandutilizationof"newevidence^asacauseofcivilretrialmoreexplicit・Onlyinthiswaycanwedefineboththescopeoftherightsforthepartytoapplyforretrialandthescopeofcasesfortheprocuratorto

8、protestagainst-Atpresent,therearestillsomeproblemsexistingintheregulationofnewevidenceforcivilretrialinChina,whichmakesitimpossibletomeetthedemandofjudiciarypracticeofcivilretrial.Thus,itisextremelyimp