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1、READINGCOMPREHENSIONTEXTAWhatistheobjectiveofmandatingpaidfamilyleave?ProponentsofferrationalesthatrangefromnItwillhelpfamilies11tonTheU.S.istheonlyrichcountrythatdoesn11haveit•nThesecondismerelyirrelevant；thefirstisplainwrong.Mandatingpaidfamilyleavewillhelpneitherwomennortheirfamilies,becauselegi
2、slationcannotchangethelawsofeconomics.Ifthegoalistoretainwomeninthelaborforce,thenmandatedfamilyleaveisapoorinstrumentatbest,andthoroughlycounter-productiveatworst.Peoplewillbuylessofsomethingwhenitspriceincreases•Thatisthelawofdemand,presentedonthefirstdayofEcon101.Mandatedpaidfamilyleavemakesitmo
3、reexpensivetohireworkers,particularlywomen•Thatmakesemployerslesswillingtohirewomen,especiallythosewithlimitededucationorskillswhotypicallydothekindofworkit1seasytofindsomeoneelsetodo•Iftheobjectiveistohelppoorwomenremainemployed,mandatedpaidfamilyleavewilldoexactlytheopposite.TheAmericanswithDisab
4、ilitiesAct,enactedin1990,providesanobjectlessonaboutignoringunintendedconsequencesoffeel-goodpoliciesmeanttoprotectthevulnerable.TheeffectoftheADAwasexactlythereverseoftheintent—namely,toprotectthedisabledintheworkplace.WithinfiveyearsoftheJkDA1spassage,employmentfordisabledmenfellto49percent,compa
5、redwith60percentbeforethelawwasenacted.Employers,facedwiththecostofaccommodationandthethreatoflitigation,chosetherationaloption-theycutbackonhiringthedisabled.Whenthecostofhiringaworkerrises,demandforthatworkerfalls•Mandatedpaidfamilyleavewillhavethesameeffectonwomenforpreciselythesamereasons.That1
6、sthedemandside•Butthereisalsoasupplysideeffect•InGermany,whichhadagenerouspaidfamilyleavelaw,evidenceshowsitutterlyfailedtokeepwomeninthelaborforce•Infact,verylongparentalleavecorrelateswithwomenleavingthelaborforcepermanently.Inanefforttokeepwomeninthelabormarket,Germanycutthedurationofitspaidpare
7、ntalleavebyhalfin2007.Withinayearofthatreform,therewasa14percentsurgeinwomenreturningtothework.Otherstudiesshowthatanyparentalleavebeyond20weeksactuallyreducestheincentiveforanewmothertocomebacktoworkatall.
