计算机专业英语 第3版 王祥林 陈静姣 10 Programming Languages

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1、Text1ComputerLanguagesUnit10ProgrammingLanguagesText2Object-OrientedProgrammingText3AssemblyLanguageText4High-levelLanguageText1ComputerLanguagesVocabularyandKeywords（生词和关键词）Notes（注释）TermsandTips（术语和提示信息）Computerlanguageshaveundergonedramaticevolutionsincethef

2、irstelectroniccomputerswerebuilttoassistintelemetrycalculationsduringWorldWarII[1].Earlyon,programmersworkedwiththemostprimitivecomputerinstructions:machinelanguage.Theseinstructionswererepresentedbylongstringsofonesandzeros[2](Figure10-1).Soon,assemblerswerei

3、nventedtomapmachineinstructionstohuman-readableandmanageablemnemonics,suchasADDandMOV.Figure10-1CommunicationwithcomputerIntime,higher-levellanguagesevolved,suchasBASICandCOBOL[3].Theselanguagesletpeopleworkwithsomethingappropriatingwordsandsentences.SuchasLet

4、I=100.Theseinstructionsweretranslatedbackintomachinelanguagebyinterpretersandcompilers.Aninterpretertranslatesaprogramasitreadsit,turningtheprograminstructions,orcode,directlyintoactions[4].Acompilertranslatesthecodeintoanintermediaryform.Thisstepiscalledcompi

5、ling,andproducesanobjectfile.Thecompilertheninvokesalinker,whichturnstheobjectfileintoanexecutableprogram.Ironically,inordertobecomeeasiertouseforthisnewaudience,programshavebecomefarmoresophisticated[5].Gonearethedayswhenuserstypedincrypticcommandsatesotericp

6、rompts,onlytoseeastreamofrawdata[6].Today’sprogramsusesophisticated“user-friendlyinterfaces,”involvingmultiplewindows,menus,dialogboxeswithwhichwe’veallbecomefamiliar.Theprogramswrittentosupportthisnewapproacharefarmorecomplexthanthosewrittenjusttenyearsago.un

7、dergo[ndə'əu]v.经历dramatic[drə'mætik]adj.巨大的evolution[i:və'lu:ən]n.演变telemetry[ti'lemitri]n.遥测技术calculation[kælkju:leiən]n.计算primitive['primitiv]adj.原始的string[striŋ]n.一串evolve[i'vlv]v.发展VocabularyandKeywords（生词和关键词）appropriate[ə'prəuprieit]adj.适当的object

8、file目标文件executableprogramn.可执行程序ironically[ai'rnikli]adv.说反话地audience[':diəns]n.用户sophisticate[sə'fistikeit]v.弄复杂cryptic['kriptik]adj.抽象的esoteric[esəu'terik]adj.难懂的prompt[prmpt