计算机专业英语 第3版 王祥林 陈静姣 03 Computer system

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1、Text1ComputerOrganizationUnit3ComputerSystemText2SystemBusText3InstructionCycleText4DesignGoalsofComputerArchitectureText1ComputerOrganizationVocabularyandKeywords（生词和关键词）Notes（注释）TermsandTips（术语和提示信息）Nowlet'slookatourcomputerdefinition:Acomputerisafastandaccu

2、ratesystem（Figure3-1）.Itisorganizedtoaccept,store,andprocessdataandproduceoutputresults[1]（Figure3-2）.Thissectionwillexplainwhyacomputerisasystemandhowacomputersystemisorganized[2].Keyelementsinacomputersystemincludeinputdevices,CentralProcessingUnit(CPU),memo

3、ryandoutputdevices.Figure3-1ComputerFigure3-2Computerorganization(1)InputDevicesComputersystemsusemanydevicesforinputpurpose.Mostinputdevicesallowdirecthuman/machinecommunication.Directinputdevicesinclude:keyboard;mouse;inputpen;touchscreen;microphone.(2)

4、CPUTheheartofanycomputersystemistheCPU.TherearetwomainsectionsfoundintheCPUofatypicalpersonalcomputersystem[3]:thearithmetic-logicsection;thecontrolsection.ThesetwosectionsarefoundinCPUsofallsizes.(3)MemoryMemoryisalsoknownasprimarystorage,internalstorage,it

5、temporarilyholdsdata,programinstructions,andinformation.Oneofthemostimportantfactstoknowaboutmemoryisthatpartofitscontentisheldonlytemporarily.Inotherwords,itisstoredonlyaslongasthecomputeristurnedon.Whenyouturnthemachineoff,thecontentimmediatelyvanishs.(4)Out

6、putDevicesLikeinputdevices,outputdevicesareinstrumentsofinterpretationandcommunicationbetweenhumansandcomputersystems[4].ThesedevicesconvertoutputresultsfromtheCPUintoaformthatcanbeusedbypeople.Inpersonalcomputersystems,displayscreenanddesktopprinters（Figure3-

7、3）arepopularoutputdevices[5].Theinput/outputdevicesaresometimescalledperipheraldevices.BecausethesedevicesarenotapartoftheCPU,theyareoftenlocatednearit.Figure3-3printerdefinition[defi'niən]n.定义，解说，精确度，（轮廓、影像等的）清晰度构词法：definev.定义→definitionaccurate['ækjurət]ad

8、j.正确的，精确的symbol['simbəl]n.符号，记号manipulate[mə'nipjuleit]v.（熟练地）操作，使用（机器等），巧妙地处理例：Hetriedtomanipulatestockprices.他试图操纵股价。communication[kəmju:ni'keiən]n.传达，信息，交通，通信构词法：communicate→c