计算机专业英语 第3版 王祥林 陈静姣 04 Computer Hardware

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1、Text1CPUUnit4ComputerHardwareText2MotherboardText3StorageText4PrintersText1CPUVocabularyandKeywords（生词和关键词）Notes（注释）TermsandTips（术语和提示信息）TheprocessorisoftencalledtheCentralProcessingUnit(Figure4-1)ormainprocessor.Itisthecomponentthatprocessesormanipulatesdata.A

2、processorcandonothingwithoutaprogramtoprovidecontrol[1].Itmanipulatesdatastoredinmainmemoryunderthecontrolofaprogramstoredinmainmemory[2].Aprocessoriscomposedoftwofunctionalunits(acontrolunit,anArithmetic/LogicUnit)andasetofspecialworkspacescalledregisters.Figu

3、re4-1CPU(1)TheControlUnitThecontrolunitisresponsibleforsupervisingtheoperationoftheentirecomputersystem.Thecontrolunitfetchesinstructionsfrommemoryanddeterminestheirtypesordecodesthem[3].Itbreakseachinstructionintoaseriesofsimplesmallstepsoractions.Bydoingthis,

4、itcontrolsthestep-by-stepoperationoftheentirecomputersystem.(2)TheArithmetic/LogicUnitTheArithmetic/LogicUnit(ALU)isthefunctionalunit.Itprovidesthecomputerwithlogicalandcomputationalcapabilities[4].DataarebroughtintotheALUbythecontrolunit.TheALUperformswhatever

5、arithmeticorlogicoperationsarerequiredtohelpcarryouttheinstruction[5].Arithmeticoperationsinclude:adding;subtracting;multiplying;dividing.(3)RegistersAregisterisastoragelocationinsidetheprocessor.Registersinthecontrolunitareusedtokeeptrackoftheoverallstatus

6、oftherunningprogram[6].Controlunitregistersstoreinformationsuchas:thecurrentinstruction;thelocationofthenextinstructiontobeexecuted;theoperandsoftheinstruction.IntheALU,registersstoredataitemsthatareadded,subtracted,multiplied,divided,andcompared.Otherregist

7、ersstoretheresultsofarithmeticandlogicoperations.process['prəuses]n.过程，作用，方法，程序，步骤，进行，推移v.加工，处理provide[prə'vaid]v.供应，供给，预防，规定central['sentrəl]adj.中心的，中央的，主要的compose[kəm'pəuz]v.组成例：Wateriscomposedofhydrogenandoxygen.水由氢和氧组成。special['speəl]adj.特别的，特殊的logic['ldʒ

8、ik]n.逻辑，逻辑学VocabularyandKeywords（生词和关键词）register['redʒistə]n.记录，注册，寄存器v.记录，登记，注册supervise['sju:pəvaiz]v.监督，管理，指导intelligence[in'telidʒəns]n.智力，聪明various['vəriəs]adj.不同的，各种各