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1、IntroductiontoPersonalityPersonalityPsychologyPersonalityDefinedPersonalityisthesetofpsychologicaltraitsandmechanismswithintheindividualthatisorganizedandrelativelyenduringandthatinfluenceshisorherinteractionswith,andadaptationsto,theenvironment.Personali
2、tyDefinedPersonalityisadynamicorganization,insidetheperson,ofpsychophysicalsystemsthatcreatetheperson'scharacteristicpatternsofbehavior,thoughtsandfeelingsPersonalityDefinedThisdefinitionmakesseveralpoints:personalityhasorganizationisactive,ithasprocesses
3、ofsomesortisapsychologicalconcept,butistiedtothephysicalbodyisacausalforce…ithelpsdeterminehowthepersonrelatestotheworldshowsupinpatterns…ithasconsistencyisdisplayedinmanyways(Carver,Scheier,Allport)WhatisaTheory?TheoryDefinedAtheoryisamodelofrealitythath
4、elpsustounderstand,explain,predict,andcontrolthatreality.Atheoryisasetofrelatedassumptionsthatallowsscientiststouselogicaldeductivereasoningtoformulatetestablehypotheses.AGoodTheoryAusefultheorymustGenerateResearch-bothdescriptiveresearchandhypothesistest
5、ing,BeFalsifiable;thatis,researchfindingsshouldbeabletoeithersupportofrefutethetheory,OrganizeDataintoanintelligibleframeworkandintegratenewinformationintoitsstructure;GuideAction,orprovidethepractitionerwitharoadmapformakingday-to-daydecisions;BeInternal
6、lyConsistentandhaveasetofoperationaldefinitions;andBeParsimonious,orassimpleaspossible.WhyDifferentTheories?Psychologistsandotherscientistsgenerateavarietyoftheoriesbecausetheyhavedifferentlifeexperiencesanddifferentwaysoflookingatthesamedata.MajorQuestio
7、nsaPersonalityTheory AttemptstoAnswerDevelopmental-HistoricalQuestionHowdidthepersoncometobehaveasheorshedoesnow?Whatwerethecausesorthebeginningsoftheperson?Predictions-ConsistencyQuestionWillthispersonbehavesimilarlyinsimilarsituationsatalatertime?Unique
8、ness-GeneralityQuestionWhenareweuniqueandwhenarewethesame?Content/Process"Personalityissomethingthatdoessomething"Allport.PitfallofTheoriesEthnocentrismEgocentrismDogmatismMisunderstandingsEvidence(Lackof)BasicAssum
