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1、第四章信托法律制度一、信托概述二、信托组织机构第四章信托法律制度一、信托概述1.中国信托概述法律依据:《中国人民共和国信托法》定义:信托是指委托人基于对受托人的信任,将其财产权委托给受托人,由受托人按委托人的意愿以自己的名义,为受益人的利益或者特定目的,进行管理或者处分的行为。要件:(一)信托当事人,包括委托人、受托人和受益人;(二)信托目的,即将财产委托给受托人进行管理或处分的合法目的;(三)信托财产,即委托人合法所有的交付给受托人进行管理或处分的确定的财产(包括财产权利,如债权);(四)信托文件,即说明信托关系的文字
2、依据,包括信托合同、遗嘱或者法律、行政法规规定的其他书面文件等。第四章信托法律制度一、信托概述1.中国信托概述类型:公益信托、民事信托和营业信托。公益信托:为公共利益目的而设立的信托。民事信托:信托事项所涉及的法律依据在民事法律范围之内的信托。营业信托:以营利为目的,委托营业性的信托机构实施商事行为的信托。第四章信托法律制度一、信托概述2.美国信托概述Position:TheUSAisnotthecountrywherethetrusteeshiporiginatedin,butthetrusteeshipofitism
3、ost-developed.Definition:Trustreferstoakindoffaithobligationsrelationassociatedwithpropertyexpectresultingtrustandconstructivetrust,resultingfromtheexpressintenttoestablishthiskindoffaithobligationrelations.Inthisrelationship,thepeoplewhoholdtheownershipoftheprop
4、ertyassumetheobligationofdisposingthepropertyforthebenefitofcharity,oneormorepeople.Threeelements:thetrusteethebeneficiarythetrustproperty(thecore)第四章信托法律制度一、信托概述2.美国信托概述Classification:(1)expresstrust,resultingtrust,constructivetrust(2)charitytrust,privatetrust(3
5、)trustofinstitution,privatetrustFranchisingindustry:thegovernmentshavethetrustpower.Theinstrumentoftrustinvestment:MMMF,CMA,MTF,CD,CP,TBBasis:thereisnounifiedlawandallrulesareinfederalbanklaworbankregulationsofstates.Besides,theRepeatofTrustLawalsoisanimportantba
6、sis.第四章信托法律制度一、信托概述3.案例AmericanTrustCo.,Inc.v.SouthCarolinaStateBd.ofBankControlFact-NCNBCorporationformedAmericanTrustCompany,totransacttrustbusinessinSouthCarolina.NCNBwasrequiredbyfederallawtoobtaintheapprovaloftheBoardofGovernorsoftheFederalReserveSystem.Desp
7、iteoppositionfromSouthCarolinabankinginterests,theBoardofGovernorsconcludedthatitwouldbeinthepublicinterestforNCNBtoengageinthetrustbusinessinSouthCarolinathroughitssubsidiary,AmericanTrust.TheBoard,however,wasunabletogiveitsunqualifiedapprovalbecause,whileNCNB's
8、applicationwaspendingAmericanTrustwasprohibitedbynewlyenactedlawsfromservingasanexecutor,administrator,ortestamentarytrustee.Accordingly,theBoardapprovedNCNB's