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1、Including用法（1）RON说过：the"comma+ing"modifiershouldonlybeusedwhen:(A)itMODIFIESTHEENTIREACTIONoftheprecedingclause,anditAPPLIESTOTHESUBJECTofthatclause;AND(B)oneofthefollowingistrue:(1)the"ing"actionisSIMULTANEOUSwiththemainaction;-irandownthesidewalk,flappingmyarmswil
2、dly(2)the"ing"actionisaDIRECTCONSEQUENCEofthemainaction.-igota100onthemostrecentexam,bringingmyaverageupto91otherexamples:joerandownthesidewalk,flailinghisarms.ècorrect(simultaneous)mycousintookextraclasseseverysemesterincollege,graduatinginthreeyears.ècorrect,becau
3、sethe"ing"isanactualconsequenceofthefirstaction.mycousinatefrozenfoodeverydayincollege,graduatinginthreeyears.-->incorrect,becausethereisnorelationship(inparticular,thesecondthingisnotaconsequenceofthefirstthing,andisn'tsimultaneouseither).所以那个including不可能修饰authenti
4、city，要不修饰前面句子，要不句子主语作伴随；但是如果根据（1）说的，那么有时候including修饰前面句子和主语作伴随不合理；（2）但是RON又说过：important:"INCLUDING"isanEXCEPTIONtotheotherwiserobustrulesforcomma+ingmodifiers.whenyousee"comma+including",youshouldthinkof"including"asapreposition,notasan-ingmodifier.therefore,"includ
5、ingX"willbecomeaprepositionalphrasethatdescribesthestuffprecedingthecomma.即吖RON说，including可以作介词，可以不一定修饰前面句子或名词，或伴随；是"...,V-ing"的一个例外exception。即RON:comma+"including"canstandfortheprecedingNOUN--ortheprecedingNOUN+MODIFIERS,iftherearemodifiersattachedtothenoun.例题：GWD-
6、29-Q10与GWD-3-Q3(新PREP1#215)对比Including修饰instructionsTheprincipalfeatureoftheredesignedchecksisaseriesofprintedinstructionsthatthecompanyhopeswillhelpmerchantsconfirmacheck’sauthenticity,whichincludesreminderstowatchtheendorsement,comparesignatures,andviewthewatermar
7、kwhileholdingthechecktothelight.A.whichincludesreminderstowatchtheendorsement,comparesignatures,andviewB.whichincluderemindersforwatchingtheendorsement,tocomparesignaturesandviewC.byincludingremindersforwatchingtheendorsement,comparingsignatures,andviewingD.includin
8、greminderstowatchtheendorsement,comparingsignaturesandviewingE.includingreminderstowatchtheendorsement,comparesignatures,andview选项分析：inclu
