Coordinate Conversions and Transformations including Formulas .pdf

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1、OGPPublication373-7-2–GeomaticsGuidanceNotenumber7,part2–July2012Tofacilitateimprovement,thisdocumentissubjecttorevision.Thecurrentversionisavailableatwww.epsg.org.GeomaticsGuidanceNoteNumber7,part2CoordinateConversionsandTransformationsincludingFormulasRevised-July2012Page1of134O

2、GPPublication373-7-2–GeomaticsGuidanceNotenumber7,part2–July2012Tofacilitateimprovement,thisdocumentissubjecttorevision.Thecurrentversionisavailableatwww.epsg.org.IndexPreface4Revisionhistory51MAPPROJECTIONSANDTHEIRCOORDINATECONVERSIONFORMULAS81.1INTRODUCTION81.2MAPPROJECTIONPARAM

3、ETERS91.3MAPPROJECTIONFORMULAS151.3.1LAMBERTCONICCONFORMAL161.3.1.1LambertConicConformal(2SP)181.3.1.2LambertConicConformal(1SP)191.3.1.3LambertConicConformal(1SPWestOrientated)211.3.1.4LambertConicConformal(2SPBelgium)211.3.1.5LambertConicNear-Conformal221.3.2KROVAK241.3.2.1Krova

4、k251.3.2.2Krovak(NorthOrientated)281.3.2.3KrovakModified291.3.2.4KrovakModified(NorthOrientated)311.3.3MERCATOR321.3.3.1Mercator(Spherical)371.3.3.2PopularVisualisationPseudoMercator381.3.4CASSINI-SOLDNER401.3.4.1HyperbolicCassini-Soldner421.3.5TRANSVERSEMERCATOR431.3.5.1GeneralCa

5、se431.3.5.2TransverseMercatorZonedGridSystem511.3.5.3TransverseMercator(SouthOrientated)521.3.6OBLIQUEMERCATOR541.3.6.1HotineObliqueMercator551.3.6.2LabordeObliqueMercator591.3.7STEREOGRAPHIC611.3.7.1ObliqueandEquatorialStereographic621.3.7.2PolarStereographic641.3.8NEWZEALANDMAPG

6、RID701.3.9TUNISIAMININGGRID701.3.10AMERICANPOLYCONIC711.3.11LAMBERTAZIMUTHALEQUALAREA721.3.11.1LambertAzimuthalEqualArea(Spherical)741.3.12LAMBERTCYLINDRICALEQUALAREA741.3.12.1LambertCylindricalEqualArea(Spherical)741.3.13ALBERSEQUALAREA751.3.14EQUIDISTANTCYLINDRICAL761.3.14.1Equi

7、distantCylindrical(Spherical)781.3.14.2PseudoPlateCarrée781.3.15BONNE791.3.15.1Bonne(SouthOrientated)791.3.16AZIMUTHALEQUIDISTANT801.3.16.1ModifiedAzimuthalEquidistant801.3.16.2GuamProjection811.3.17PERSPECTIVES83Page2of134OGPPublication373-7-2–GeomaticsGuidanceNotenumber7,part2–J

8、uly2012Tofacilitateimprovement,th