generative grammar

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1、Transformational-GenerativeGrammar方亚云thebirthofTGgrammarInthelate1950s,anewtheoryappearedinAmericaandviolentlypunchedtheprevailingstructuralistdescriptivelinguistics.ThefounderofthisnewtheorywasA.N.Chomsky(1928-).AsastudentofHebrewwiththestructuralistmethodology,Chomskytriedtoop

2、enupanewroutewhenhefoundthattheclassificationofstructuralelementsoflanguageaccordingtodistributionandsubstitutionhaditslimitations.FromthispracticeChomskygraduallyestablishedthewell-knownTransformational-Generative(TG)Grammar.ThemarkofthebeginningThepublicationofSyntacticStructu

3、resin1957InSyntacticStructures,Chomskytriestoconstructa"formalizedtheoryoflinguisticstructure"andplacesemphasison"rigorousformulations"and"preciselyconstructedmodels".TheInnatenessHypothesisChomskybelievesthatlanguageissomewhatinnate,andthatchildrenarebornwithwhathecallsaLANGUAG

4、EACQUISITIONDEVICE(LAD),whichisauniquekindofknowledgethatfitsthemforlanguagelearning.Hearguesthechildcomesintotheworldwithspecificinnateendowment,notonlywithgeneraltendenciesorpotentialities,butalsowithknowledgeofthenatureoftheworld,andspecificallywithknowledgeofthenatureoflangu

5、age.Thisobservationsuggeststhatchildrenarebornwithaninnatefacultyforlanguageingeneral,ablueprintforlanguages,notjustforanyparticularlanguage.Fromthis,wewouldthensupposethatifchildrenarepredisposedforlearninganylanguage,humanlanguagesintheworldmusthavethesameunderlyingprinciplesi

6、ncommon.ThisiswhatChomskycalledlanguageuniversalsorlinguisticuniversals.Whatisagenerativegrammar?①Byagenerativegrammar，Chomskysimplymeans“asystemofrulesthatinsomeexplicitandwell-definedwayassignsstructuraldescriptionstosentences”.Hebelievesthateveryspeakerofalanguagehasmastereda

7、ndinternalizedagenerativegrammarthatexpresseshisknowledgeofhislanguage.“Thusagenerativegrammarattemptstospecifywhatthespeakeractuallyknows，notwhathemayreportabouthisknowledge.”(Chomsky,1965)②Togenerateistopredictwhatcouldbethepossiblesentencesoflanguage.③Transformationisakindofp

8、rocessthattransformsonesentenceintoanother.Itus