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1、Unit6AdministrativeLaw行政法行政法是管理政府行政活动的部门法，即涉及到政府部门执行职务时所适用的各项法律。它规定行政机关可以行使的权力，确定行使这些权力的原则，以及对受到行政行为侵害的人给予法律上的补救。行政法一般被认为是属于公法的范畴，但是在美国，公法和私法之间的区别不像在大陆法系国家中那么严格，因此，美国的行政法案件也由受理私法案件的普通法院审判。美国的行政法主要是由宪法、法律、判例、行政规章等组成的。其中，最为重要的是联邦宪法第五修正案中的正当程序(DueProcess)条款和1946年的联邦行政程序法(FederalAdministrativeProcedu
2、reAct)。Lead-in------Administrativelawgovernstheactivitiesofadministrativeagenciesofgovernment,whichincluderule-making,adjudication,ortheenforcementofaspecificregulatoryagenda.Administrativelawdealswiththedecision-makingofadministrativeunitsofgovernmentthatarepartofanationalregulatoryschemeinsucha
3、reasaspolicelaw,internationaltrade,manufacturing,theenvironment,taxation,broadcasting,immigrationandtransport,etc.AdministrativeLawAdministrativelawincommonlawcountriesGenerallyspeaking,mostcommon-lawcountrieshavedevelopedproceduresforjudicialreviewthatlimitthereviewabilityofdecisionsmadebyadmini
4、strativelawbodies.◆Judicialreviewofadministrativedecisions,itmustbenoted,isdifferentfromanappeal.Whensittinginreviewofadecision,theCourtwillonlylookatthemethodinwhichthedecisionwasarrivedat,whereasinappealthecorrectnessofthedecisionitselfwillbeunderquestion.◆Thescopeofjudicialreviewmaybelimitedto
5、certainquestionsoffairness,orwhethertheadministrativeactionisultravires.UnitedStatesTheexecutivebranch,ledbythepresident,controlsthefederalexecutivedepartments,whichareledbysecretarieswhoaremembersoftheUnitedStatesCabinet.★UnitedStatesadministrativelawencompassesanumberofstatutesandcaseswhichdefi
6、netheextentofthepowersandresponsibilitiesheldbyadministrativeagenciesoftheUnitedStatesGovernment.JusticeBreyerdefinesadministrativelawinfourparts:(1)Definingtheauthorityandstructureofadministrativeagencies;(2)Specifyingtheproceduralformalitiesemployedbyagencies;(3)Determiningthevalidityofagencyde
7、cisions;(4)DefiningtheroleofreviewingcourtsandothergovernmentalenAdjudicatev.宣判；裁定Adjudicationn.判决，裁定，破产之宣告Reviewabilityn.复议Dueprocessoflaw正当法律程序Writn.令状；文书；法院命令Prerogativewrits紧急令；（英国国王的）特权令Tribunaln.法庭；裁决Validityn.有效
