Neocleous - Social Police and the Mechanisms of Prevention - Patrick Colquhoun and the Condition of Poverty

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1、BRIT.J.CRIMINOL.(2000)40,710–726SOCIALPOLICEANDTHEMECHANISMSOFPREVENTIONPatrickColquhounandtheConditionofPovertyMARKNEOCLEOUS*ThisarticlereassessestheworkofPatrickColquhounbyreconsideringhisnotionofprevention.ItarguesthatColquhounhasbeenbadlyservedbyhavinghisnotionofpreventionunderstoo

2、dinthelightoftheemergenceofthenewpolicein1829.Thishasobscuredtheimportanceofpoverty,indigenceandpoliticaleconomytoColquhoun’sunderstandingofpolice.IsuggestthatColquhoun’sworkshouldbeofinterestasmuchtothedisciplineofsocialpolicyaspolicestudies,andusethisargumentasaspringboardintoawidera

3、rgumentconcerningthehistorical,political,andconceptuallinksbetweenpoliceandsocialpolicyasmechanismsforthefashioningofthemarket.Themajorsuggestionisthattheconceptofa‘socialpolice’maybeausefulwaytounderstandtheselinks.Inarecentarticleon‘TheLimitsoftheSovereignState’DavidGarlandendedanint

4、er-estingaccountofrecenttrendsincrimecontrolbypointingtotherelevanceoftheworkofthelate18thandearly19thcenturymagistrateandwriterPatrickColquhoun.Colquhoun’sideas,Garlandclaimed,are‘remarkablysimilartothethinkingwhichhasrecentlyre-emergedinofficialcircles’(Garland1996:464).Garland’sdisc

5、ussionofColquhounwasshortandinitselfthoughtprovoking.ThoughadiscussionofColquhounwasanoriginalwaytoendadiscussionofrecenttrendsinthepoliticsofcrimecontrol,GarlandwaslatchingontoanexistinginterestinColquhoun’swork.ColquhounhaslongbeenakeyfigureforBritish‘policestudies’,inwhichheisfreque

6、ntlycitedasoneofthekeythinkersbehindtheemergenceoftheNewPolicein1829,oratleastathinkerwhoputpoliceandpolicingonthepoliticalagendabywritingaboutitatgreatlength.LeonRadzinowicz,forexample,givesColquhounacentralroleinthevolumeonpoliceinhisHistoryofEnglishCriminalLaw:‘Colquhounwasthefirstm

7、ajorwriteronpublicorderandthemachineryofjusticetouse“police”inastrictsensecloselyakintomodernusage’(1956b:247).ForT.A.Critchley,Colquhoun’sideas‘representanimportantlinkbetweentheoldandthenew’,whereasforCharlesReithColquhounisthesecondofthreeofthe‘outstandingcreatorsoftheBritishpolic