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1、REVIEWOFTHEMONTHCapitalismandtheCurseofEnergyEfficiencyTheReturnoftheJevonsParadoxJOHNBEllaMyFOsTER,BRETTClaRk,andRICHaRdyORkThecurseofenergyefficiency,betterknownastheJevonsParadox—theideathatincreasedenergy(andmaterial-resource)efficiencyleadsnottoconservationbutincreaseduse—w
2、asfirstraisedbyWilliamStanleyJevonsinthenineteenthcentury.Althoughforgottenformostofthetwentiethcentury,theJevonsParadoxhasbeenrediscoveredinrecentdecadesandstandssquarelyatthecenteroftoday’senviron-mentaldispute.Thenineteenthcenturywasthecenturyofcoal.Itwascoalaboveallelsethatp
3、oweredBritishindustry,andthustheBritishEmpire.Butin1863thequestionwasraisedbyindustrialistSirWilliamGeorgeArmstrong,inhispresidentialaddresstotheBritishAssociationfortheAdvancementofScience,astowhetherBritain’sworldsupremacyinindustrialproductioncouldbethreatenedinthelongrunbyth
4、eexhaustionofreadilyavailablecoalreserves.1Atthattime,noexten-siveeconomicstudyhadbeenconductedoncoalconsumptionanditsimpactonindustrialgrowth.Inresponse,WilliamStanleyJevons,whowouldbecomeoneofthefoundersofneoclassicaleconomics,wrote,inonlythreemonths,abookentitledTheCoalQuesti
5、on:AnInquiryConcerningtheProgressoftheNation,andtheProbableExhaustionofOurCoal-Mines(1865).JevonsarguedthatBritishindustrialgrowthreliedoncheapcoal,andthattheincreasingcostofcoal,asdeeperseamsweremined,wouldleadtothelossof“com-mercialandmanufacturingsupremacy,”possibly“withinali
6、fetime,”andachecktoeconomicgrowth,generatinga“stationarycondition”JohnBellamyFoster(jfoster@monthlyreview.org)iseditorofMonthlyReviewandprofessorofsociology,UniversityofOregon.BrettClarkisassistantprofessorofsociology,NorthCarolinaStateUniversity.Richardyork(rfyork@uoregon.edu)i
7、sco-editorofOrganization&Environmentandassociateprofessorofsociology,UniversityofOregon.ThisessayisachapterfromtheirbookTheEcologicalRift:Capitalism’sWarontheEarth(MonthlyReviewPress,2010).12MONTHlyREVIEW/NOVEMBER2010ofindustry“withinacentury.”2Neithertechnologynorsubstitutionof
8、otherenergysourcesforcoal,heargued,couldalterth
