资源描述：
《Foster JB - Contradictions in the Universalization of Capitalism》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、CONTRADICTIONSINTHEUNIVERSALIZATIONOFCAPITALISMbyJOHNBELLAMYFOSTERAcentral,perhapsthecentral,ideaofeconomicliberalismhasalwaysbeenthatamarketsocietyorganizedonthebasisofindividualself-interestisthenaturalstateofhumankind,andthatsuchasocietyisboundtoprosper-throughanalmostprov
2、identialinvisiblehand-providedthatnoexternalbarriersstandinitsway.Inthisviewallofhumanhistoryisnothingmorethanthegradualfreeingupofmarketrelations-thereleaseoftheuniversalandrationalformsofsocietyonlywaitingtobeletloose."Inmostaccountsofcapitalism,"EllenMeiksinsWoodhascritica
3、llyobserved,"therereallyisnobeginning.Capitalismseemsalwaystobethere,somewhere;anditonlyneedstobereleasedfromitschains-forinstance,fromthefettersoffeudalism-tobeallowedtogrowandmature."IThecounterpartofthisliberal-economicviewhasalwaysbeenastrongtendencytoseecapitalistsociety
4、-andparticularlymarketrelations-asnaturallyboundlessorlimitlessinextent,andallexternalbarrierstoitsexpansionastemporaryobstaclestobeovercome.Crisesintheexpansionofcapitalinsofarastheyarenotpurelycyclicalphenomena,areusuallyattributed,withinthiseconomicphilosophy,toexternallim
5、itsorinterferenceswiththemarketfrom"outside"ratherthantointernalcontradictionswithinthecapitalaccumulationprocess.Stateinterferenceinthemarket,whenthisdidnotdirectlyservetheinterestsofcapitalitself,hasalwaysbeenregardedbyeconomicJohnBellamyFosterisamemberofthehoardoftheMonthl
6、yReviewFoundationandcoeditorofOrganization&Environment.HeteachessociologyattheUniversityofOregon.Heistheauthorofthe"Introduction"totheneweditionofHarryBraverman'sLaborandMonopolyCapital(MonthlyReviewPress,1998).ThisarticlewasoriginallypresentedasapaperattheAnnualConferenceoft
7、heUnionforRadicalPoliticalEconomics,NewYork,january4,1999.29Copyright©1999.Allrightsreserved.30MONTHLYREVIEW/APRIL1999liberalsasthechiefobstacletothesmoothworkingofthesystem.Butotherelementsinthenaturalandsocialenvironmentofcapital,suchastheexistenceoftraditional,non-commodit
8、yeconomies;thegrowthofmonopoly(oroligopoly)asabarriertofreecompetiti
