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1、CapitalismandDegrowth—AnImpossibilityTheoremJOHNBELLaMYFOSTERIntheopeningparagraphtohis2009book,StormsofMyGrandchildren,JamesHansen,theworld’sforemostscientificauthorityonglobalwarming,declared:“PlanetEarth,creation,theworldinwhichcivili-zationdeveloped,theworldwithclimatepatternsth
2、atweknowandstableshorelines,isinimminentperil….ThestartlingconclusionisthatcontinuedexploitationofallfossilfuelsonEarththreatensnotonlytheothermillionsofspeciesontheplanetbutalsothesurvivalofhumanityitself—andthetimetableisshorterthanwethought.”1Inmakingthisdeclaration,however,Hanse
3、nwasonlyspeakingofapartoftheglobalenvironmentalcrisiscurrentlythreateningtheplanet,namely,climatechange.Recently,leadingscientists(includ-ingHansen)haveproposednineplanetaryboundaries,whichmarkthesafeoperatingspacefortheplanet.Threeoftheseboundaries(cli-matechange,biodiversity,andth
4、enitrogencycle)havealreadybeencrossed,whileothers,suchasfreshwateruseandoceanaccidification,areemergingplanetaryrifts.Inecologicalterms,theeconomyhasnowgrowntoascaleandintrusivenessthatisbothovershootingplanetaryboundariesandtearingapartthebiogeochemicalcyclesoftheplanet.2Hence,almo
5、stfourdecadesaftertheClubofRomeraisedtheissueof“thelimitstogrowth,”theeconomicgrowthidolofmodernsoci-etyisonceagainfacingaformidablechallenge.3Whatisknownas“degrowtheconomics,”associatedwiththeworkofSergeLatoucheinparticular,emergedasamajorEuropeanintellectualmovementin2008withthehi
6、storicconferenceinParison“EconomicDe-GrowthforEcologicalSustainabilityandSocialEquity,”andhassinceinspiredarevivalofradicalGreenthought,asepitomizedbythe2010“DegrowthDeclaration”inBarcelona.Ironically,themeteoricriseofdegrowth(décroissanceinFrench)asaconcepthascoincidedoverthelastth
7、reeyearswiththereappearanceAslightlydifferentversionofthisarticlewaspublishedunderthetitle“DegroworDie?”intheDecember/January2011issueoftheUKjournalRedPepper,forwhichitwasoriginallywritten.26CaPITaLISMaNddEgROWTH27ofeconomiccrisisandstagnationonascalenotseensincethe1930s.Thedegrowth
8、conceptthereforefor
