Foster JB and Burkett - Ecological Economics and Classical Marxism - The 'Podolinsky Business' Reconsidered

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1、ORGANIZATION&ENVIRONMENT/March2004Foster,Burkett/ECONOMICSANDMARXISM10.1177/1086026603262091CriticalEssayECOLOGICALECONOMICSANDCLASSICALMARXISMThe“PodolinskyBusiness”ReconsideredJOHNBELLAMYFOSTERUniversityofOregonPAULBURKETTIndianaStateUniversityThisintroductionto“Sociali

2、smandtheUnityofPhysicalForces”reassessesSergeiPodolinsky’splaceinthehistoryofecologicaleconomicstogetherwithMarxandEngels’sreactiontoPodolinsky’swork.Theauthorsshowthatcontrarytoconventionalwisdom,Podolinskydidnotestablishaplausiblethermodynamicbasisforthelabortheoryofval

3、uethatcouldhavebeenadoptedbyMarxandEngels.Moreover,MarxandEngelsdidnotneglectnorabruptlyrejectPodolinsky’sworkasiscommonlysupposedbuttookitseriouslyenoughtoscrutinizeitdeeplyinthespiritofcritique.AlthoughverifyingPodolinsky’sright-fulplaceasaforerunnerofecologicalenergeti

4、cs,theauthors’analysishighlightstheseverelimitationsimposedbyhisenergyreductionismandclosed-systemthinkingascomparedtoMarxandEngels’smetabolicandopen-systemapproach.Keywords:energy;perfectmachine;metabolism;value;usevalueinceMartinez-AlierandNaredo(1982)andMartinez-Alier(

5、1987),SSergeiPodolinskyhascometooccupyacentralplaceintheecologicalliteratureintworespects:(a)hisdirectcontributiontoecologicaleconomicsand(b)thereceptionthathisworkreceivedfromMarxandEngels,includingtherolethatthisreceptionplayedinthesubsequentrelationshipbetweenMarxisman

6、decologicaleconomics.Inrelationtohisdirectcontribution,Podolinskyisoftencreditedwithbeing“thefirstexplicitlytoscrutinizetheeconomicprocessfromathermodynamicperspective”(Cleveland,1999,p.128).Martinez-Alier’s(1987)influentialhistoryofecologicaleconomicstreatsPodolinskyasth

7、emajor19th-centuryprecursorandperhapsevenasthefounderofthediscipline,arguing,forexample,thathewasthefirsttodevelop“theconceptofenergyreturntoenergyinputindifferenttypesoflanduse”(p.5).WithregardtotheMarx-Engels-Podolinskyrelationship,thestandardinterpre-tationisbasedonMar

8、tinez-Alier’sclaimthatMarxandEngelshadanegativereac-Authors’Note:Theauthorsaregratefultothefollo