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1、IstvánMészáros,PathfinderofSocialismJohnBellamyFosterIfIwereaskedtosumupthesignificanceofIstvánMészárosforourtime,IwouldhavetofollowPresidentHugoChávezofVenezuelainreferringtohimasthe“PathfinderofSocialism.”1Hiswork,insuchwrit-ingsasMarx’sTheoryofAlienation(1970),ThePowerofIdeology(1989)
2、,BeyondCapital(1995),TheChallengeandBurdenofHistoricalTime(2008),TheStructuralCrisisofCapital(2009),andSocialStructureandFormsofConsciousness(forth-coming,2010),providesastrategicvisionofthebuildingofsocialism,theabsenceofwhich,formanydecades,constitutedoneoftheprincipalweaknessesofthean
3、ti-capitalistmovement,worldwide.ForMészáros,“thestructuralcrisisofcapital”arises,notsimplyfromthefactthatthesystemisnowfacetofaceforthefirsttimewithitsown“absolutelimits,”butalsofromtherealitythatthenecessaryconditionsofamass-based,hegemonicsocialistalternativeareemerging,providingthebas
4、esofanewrevolutionarysituation,globally.Thedepthandbreadthofhiscri-tiqueofthecapitalsystem—extendingtopost-capitalistregimessuchastheSovietUnion—offersapowerfulsetofinsightsintothehistori-calnecessityofsocialism,andthisinturninformshiscritiqueofcapitalitself,constitutingasinglestrategica
5、rgument.AsChávezhasstated,theimportanceofMészáros’smagnumopusBeyondCapitalistobefoundinitssubtitle:“TowardaTheoryofTransition.”“Itisatheoreticaleffort,”saidChávez,“becauseKarlMarxdidnotdevelopatheoryoftransition.”2TheimmediatecontextinwhichMészáros’sStructuralCrisisofCapitalappearsiswhat
6、iscommonlyandeuphemisticallyknownastheGreatRecession,ortheimmensefinancialandeconomiccrisisinwhichwearenowengulfed,manifestingitselfonascalenotseensincetheGreatDepressionofthe1930s.3Mészárosbeginsandendshisbookwiththecurrenteconomicmalaise.Butheexplainsthisaspartofawiderdis-juncturestret
7、chingbacktotheearly1970s.4Thisstructuralcrisiscannotbeseensimplyinnarroweconomicterms.Rather,italsoencompassestheglobalecologicalcrisis;whatMészároscalls“thepotentiallydeadli-estformofglobalhegemonicimperialism”(179);andthemanifoldsocialThisistheforewordtoIstvánMészáros’s
