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1、经济学人:中国债券市场定价风险Financeandeconomics:China'sbondmarketPricingrisk财经:屮国债券市场定价风险Debtissuaneeboomsdespiteawaveofdefaults・尽管债务违约浪潮汹涌,发债量仍旧激增。China'sdomesticbondmarkethasneverbeenriskier.屮国国内债券市场的风险从未像现在这样如此之高。Itwasonlylastyearthatitsuffereditsfirstdefault.就在去年,中国国内债市出现首例违约事件。中国债券市场l.jpgThisyear
2、atleastsixcompanieshavedefaulted.今年则至少有六家企业还不起债。Themiscreantsareadiverselot,includingabeveragebottler,asolar-panelmakerandacementcompany.债务违约企业跨各行各业,其中包括饮料装瓶商、太阳能电池板制造商和水泥公司。Aseconomicgrowthgrindslower,defaultswillinevitablyrise.随着经济增长逐步放缓,违约增加的情况在所难免。Agloomyoutlookofthiskindwouldnormally
3、leadinvestorstodemandapremiumbeforebuyingbonds.一般而言,如此惨淡前景将促使投资者在购买债券之前要求获得风险溢价。Instead,theyhavelappedthemup,makingitcheaperforChina'scompaniestoborrow・然而,现实正好与之相反。他们欣然接受了债市现状,这使得中国企业的融资贷款成本相对降低。Bondissuaneehasboomedthisyear,reachingalmost12trillionyuan($1.9trillion)sofar,upfromtherecord7
4、.7trillionsoldinallof2014,accordingtoWindInformation,adataprovider.根据数据咨询企业Wind资讯,今年的债券发行量大幅度增长:2014年全年债券售额已创纪录达7.7万亿元,而目前规模已高达12万亿元(1.9万亿美元)。Thishaspromptedwarningsthat,muchlikethestockmarketearlierthisyear,China'sbondmarketisswellingintoabubble・这一现彖不禁令人回想起“前车之鉴”:与今年早期的股市一样,中国债券市场正逐渐膨胀成一
5、团巨大泡沫。BanksaccountedforalmostalllendinginChinauntiladecadeago.直至十年前,中国国内所有贷款几乎都rti银行一家独揽发放。Today,foreveryfiveyuanofloanscompaniestakeout,theyalsofinancethemselveswithoneyuanofbonds.如今,在企业所融资取得的贷款屮,每五元就有一元被企业用于发放债券。ThathasmadeChinatheworld'sthird-biggestbondmarket,behindAmericaandJapan—ade
6、velopmentthatshouldhelpshieldtheeconomyfromtheexpensivebuststowhichbanksareprone・这使得中国跻身为全球第三大债券市场,仅次于美国和日本。同吋,债券市场的发展亦发挥着积极作用一一保护中国经济免于遭受银行破产的高昂代价。Atthemoment,though,thebondmarketseemstobestokingrisk.尽管如此,目前债券市场的入市风险似乎正逐步攀升。Formostofthepastfiveyears,yieldsonhighlyratedcorporatebondsweret
7、woorthreepercentagepointshigherthanongovernmentbondsofthesamematurity.五年来,评级较高的公司债券收益与政府债券同期相比,前者在大部分时间里高出后者两到三个百分点。Thisyearthespreadhasnarrowed,hittingalowinearlyNovemberofjust1.3percentagepoints.今年这一收益差幅逐步缩小,□月初时降至新低,仅为1.3%。Thisimpliesthatinvestorsthinkcorporatebo