转换生成语法介绍

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1、Transformational-generativegrammar1120120566TheOutlineAboutChomskyAboutTransformationGenerativeGrammarFivestagesofTGGrammar’sdevelopmentSummaryAboutNoamChomskyBorninPhiladelphiaDec71928Earlyyears:Hebrewliterature&ZionismZelligS.HarrisLinguistics;philosophy;logic;mathematicsHecrea

2、tedandestablishedanewfieldoflinguistics:transformational-generativegrammarAboutTGGrammarMostsignificantdevelopmentinlinguisticsinthesecondhalfofthe20thcenturyOriginatedintheworkSyntacticStructures(1957)TheTGGrammartoChomskysimplymeans:“asystemofrulesthatinsomeexplicitandwell-defi

3、nedwayassignsstructuraldescriptionstosentence.”FivestagesofTGGrammar’sdevelopment1957-1965TheClassicalTheory1965-1970TheStandardTheory1970sTheExtendedStandardTheory1980sGovernmentandBindingTheory1990sMinimalismTheClassicalTheoryIdea:eachsentenceinalanguagehastwolevelsofrepresenta

4、tionSurfaceStructureDeepStructureExample:Heisanxioustoteach.Heisdifficulttoteach.SsisthatofthesentenceasitispronouncedorwrittenDscontainsalltheunitsandrelationshipsthatarenecessaryforinterpretingthemeaningofthesentenceDsDsSSNPVPSVPHeisanxioustoteach.Sb.Teacheshimisdifficult.SsHei

5、sanxious/difficulttoteach.ThreeaspectsofgrammarFinitestategrammarPhrasestructuregrammarTransformationalgrammarGenerativeSimpleExplicitExhaustiveRecursiveP-SRulesSNP+VPVPV+NPNPDet+NDetthe,a,etcNboy,door,etcVopen,close,etcExample:Theboyopenedthedoor.Bracketing:(NP(Det(the)N(boy))VP

6、(V((opened)NP(Det(the)N(door))))Treediagram:SNPVPDetNVNPDetNTheboyopenedthedoor.TransformationalrulesChomskylists16rulesforEnglish.Example:NP1+V+NP2+to+NP3NP1+V+NP3+NP2IgaveabooktoMary.IgaveMaryabook.TheStandardTheoryAspectsoftheTheoryofSyntax(1965)Inthisbook,adetailaccountofthes

7、emanticcomponentwasincluded.Fivemajorareasinwhichtheclassicalpatternismodified:RuleinteractionRecursionDerivedconstituentstructureTherelationshipofsyntaxtosemanticinterpretationThedegreeofabstractnesspermittedforunderlyingrepresentationsAmodifiedmodelofTGGrammarBaseComponentCateg

8、oriesLexiconTransformationalComponentDee