英语专业【词汇学】课件：III._classification_of_words

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1、III.ClassificationofWordsWordsmayfallinto(1)basicwordstockandnon-basicvocabularybyusefrequency;(2)contentwordsandfunctionalwordsbynotion(3)nativewordsandborrowedwordsbyorigin3.1Basicwordstockandnon-basicvocabulary3.1.1Thebasicwordstock:Foundationofthevocabularyaccumulatedovercenturiesandformsthecomm

2、oncoreofthelanguage.ObviousCharacteristics:1)AllNationalWordsofthebasicwordstockbelongtopeopleasawhole,nottoalimitedgroup,acertainregionoracertainprofession.2)stability(usedforcenturies):man,fire,mountainsstabilityisrelative;thewordstockwillalsoundergosomechange.Chariotknightarrowdroppedoutthebasicw

3、ordstock.Electricity,machine,computerjoinedtherankofbasicwords,followingthesocialandtechnicalchanges.3)productivity:Rootwordsormonosyllabicwords.Theycanbeusedaloneandatthesametime,theycanformnewwordswithotherrootsandaffixes.Hand:handbrakehandcheese手捏干酪handclap:aslowhandclap慢吞吞的鼓掌(不耐烦；不满)Handfast抓紧be

4、inhandfast被牢牢掌握着handfeedhandless笨手笨脚的Handmaid起服务或辅助作用的事物Lawisthehandmaidofjustice.法律是为正义服务的.Handmoney=earnestmoney定钱Payearnestmoneyonacar付定金Handpick用手采摘,仔细挑选,Theywereclearlyhandpickedfromthehundreds.Handsel(乔迁等时的)贺礼;初次经验,预示Ourpresenttearsarebutthehandselsofourjoyshereafter.我们现在的眼泪只不过是我们今后欢乐的前奏而已.Foo

5、t:footpath,FootbathFoot-boardFootfall,Footloose,Iamtravellingaround,footlooseandfancy-free,youmightcallme.Foot-draggingFoot-raceFoot-wornFootling,FootyfootwearFoot-work,foot-fault,foot-in-mouth,Foot-in-mouth-disease→Foot-and-mouthdisease&putone’sfootinone’smouth4)polysemy:asetofdifferentmeanings.Rol

6、l:Shestoodinthecornerwithtearsrollingdownherface.1.滚落Thetrainrolledslowlyintothestation.2.车辆行驶The23yearsofseparationrolledaway.3.岁月流逝Let’sgettheprojectrolling.4.进行;开展Wakeup,timetoroll.4.出发Sharpretortsrollfromthetonguesofthepeoplethere.5.(话语）滔滔不绝Arollingvistaofhills6.群山连绵起伏的景色Hisjokeskeptussimplyroll

7、ingaboutallevening.7.不可抑制地大笑Hiseyesrolledinterror.8.他因恐惧而骨碌碌地转动着眼睛。Theriverrolleditswaterstotheocean.9.江水滚滚流向大海。5)AbilitytoformcollocationsToformquiteanumberofsetexpressions,idiomaticusages,proverbial