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1、英语最常用修辞格FiguresofspeechFiguresofspeech(修辞)arewaysofmakingourlanguagefigurative.Whenweusewordsinotherthantheirordinaryorliteralsensetolendforcetoanidea,toheighteneffect,ortocreatesuggestiveimagery,wearesaidtobespeakingorwritingfiguratively.Nowwearegoingtotalkaboutsome
2、commonformsoffiguresofspeech.1)Simile：(明喻）Itisafigureofspeechwhichmakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelementshavingatleastonequalityorcharacteristic(特性)incommon.Tomakethecomparison,wordslikeas,as...as,asifandlikeareusedtotransferthequalityweassociatewithonetotheother.Fo
3、rexample,Ascoldwaterstoathirstysoul,soisgoodnewsfromafarcountry.2)Metaphor：(暗喻）Itislikeasimile,alsomakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelements,butunlikeasimile,thiscomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.Forexample,Theworldisastage.3)Analogy:(类比）Itisalsoaformofcomparison,bu
4、tunlikesimileormetaphorwhichusuallyusescomparisonononepointofresemblance,analogydrawsaparallelbetweentwounlikethingsthathaveseveralcommonqualitiesorpointsofresemblance.4)Personification:(拟人）Itgiveshumanformoffeelingstoanimals,orlifeandpersonalattributes(赋予)toinanimat
5、e(无生命的)objects,ortoideasandabstractions(抽象).Forexample,Thewindwhistledthroughthetrees.5)Hyperbole:(夸张）Itisthedeliberateuseofoverstatementorexaggerationtoachieveemphasis.Forinstance,Healmostdiedlaughing.6)Understatement:(含蓄陈述）Itistheoppositeofhyperbole,oroverstatement
6、.Itachievesitseffectofemphasizingafactbydeliberately(故意地)understatingit,impressingthelistenerorthereadermorebywhatismerelyimpliedorleftunsaidthanbybarestatement.Forinstance,Itisnolaughingmatter.7)Euphemism:(委婉）Itisthesubstitutionofanagreeableorinoffensive(无冒犯)express
7、ionforonethatmayoffendorsuggestsomethingunpleasant.Forinstance,wereferto"die"as"passaway".8)Metonymy(转喻）Itisafigureofspeechthathastodowiththesubstitutionofthemaneofonethingforthatofanother.Forinstance,Thepen(words)ismightierthanthesword(forces).9)Synecdoche(提喻）Itisin
8、volvesthesubstitutionofthepartforthewhole,orthewholeforthepart.Forinstance,theysaythere'sbreadandworkforall.Shewasdressedinsilks.10
