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1、Module4WhichEnglishTherearemanyevolvingregionalBritishandAmericanaccents,sotheterms“Britishaccent”and“Americanaccent”aretoosimple.WhatmanyAmericansthinkofasthetypical“Britishaccent”isReceivedPronunciation(RP),alsoknownasBBCEnglish.Whatmostpeoplethinkofasan“Americanaccent”,ormostAmerican
2、sthinkofas“noaccent”,istheGeneralAmerican(GenAm)accent.EnglishcolonistsarrivedinAmericain1607.BythetimewehadrecordingsofboththeAmericansandtheBritish,thesoundsofEnglishspokenintheOldWorldandNewWorldwerequitedifferent.We'relookingatasilentgapofabout300years,sowecan'tsayexactlywhenAmerica
3、nsfirststartedtosoundnoticeablydifferentfromtheBritish.OnebigdifferenceintheaccentsisthattheGeneralAmericanaccentisrhotic(发r音的)andspeakerspronouncethe“r”inwords.TheBBCtypeBritishaccentisnonrhotic,andspeakersdon'tpronouncethe“r”,leaving“hard”soundingmorelike“hahd”.BeforeandduringtheAmeri
4、canRevolution,theEnglish,bothinEnglandandinthecolonies,mostlyspokewitharhoticaccent.Aroundtheturnofthe19thcentury,notlongaftertherevolution,nonrhoticspeechtookoffinsouthernEngland,especiallyamongtheupperanduppermiddleclasses.Itwasasignifierofclassandstatus.BecausetheBritishaccentwaseasy
5、tounderstand,itspreadacrossEnglandandtheempire.Withlanguagechangingquickly,theGeneralAmericanaccentisnowhardtofindinthisregion.WithNewYork,Philadelphia,Pittsburgh,andChicagodevelopingtheirownuniqueaccents,GenAmnowgenerallyexistsinasmallsectionoftheMidwestofAmerica.Ofcourse,thereareregio
6、nalexceptionstoboththesegeneralAmericanandBritishsounds.SomeoftheaccentsofsoutheasternEngland,plustheaccentsofScotlandandIreland,arerhotic.SomeareasoftheAmericanSoutheast,plusBoston,arenonrhotic.Section_ⅠIntroduction&Reading—Prereading[原文呈现]WhichEnglish?Whenyoureceiveaphonecallfromafrie
7、nd,howlongdoesittakeyoutoknow17whoitis?①Afewseconds,perhaps.Thequalityofsomeone'svoiceandtheirchoiceofwordsmakeapersoninstantly②recognisable③,eventhoughyoucan'tseehimorher④.Inthissense⑤everybody'suseoflanguage—whetherEnglish,Chinese,oranyother—isdifferent.Youcouldsaythattherear