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1、Module1DeepSouthFormuchofthelast400millionyears,Antarcticawasawarmplace,coveredwithforestsandanimals.Duetothemovementofcontinents,Antarcticamovedfromtheequator(赤道)totheSouthPole,whereitisnow.Today,Antarcticaisthecoldestcontinentontheplanet,almostcompl
2、etelycoveredbyalayerofice,andentirelylackingofanimalsasidefromafewpenguinsandsmallinsectsinthecoastalareas.Butitwasn'talwaysthatway.Antarcticawasoncepartofthesupercontinent(超大陆)namedGondwana,whichlastedupuntilabout160millionyearsago,whenitslowlybegant
3、obreakup.Gondwanaincludedmanycontinents,suchasSouthAmerica,Africa,Arabia,India,Australia,andNewZealand.Gondwanawasoneoftheworld'stwosupercontinents,andtheotherwasLaurasia,whichincludedpresentNorthAmericaandAsia.Itisreportedthatfossilsofsomeoftheearlie
4、stlifehavebeenfoundinthesurroundingshallowseas.MuchofthefossilrecordoftheAntarcticaisundertheice,butfossils,includingthoseofdinosaurs,canbefoundintheAntarcticamountains.AsAntarcticabegantobreakawayfromthesupercontinentGondwana160millionyearsago,coolin
5、gbegan.Itmovedtowardssouth,stillconnectedtoAustraliaandSouthAmericabutseparatedfromAfrica.Atthispoint,Antarcticastillhadatropical(热带)orsubtropical(亚热带)climate,butitwaslocatedfurthersouth,nearthelatitude(纬度)ofpresentAustralia.Liketoday'sAustralia,there
6、weremanyplantsonthecontinent.Around40millionyearsago,Antarcticaseparatedfromtoday'sAustraliaandbegantocooldownevenmore,itsforestsdying.Iceandglaciersbegantocoverthecontinent,butthefinalendofAntarctica'slifecameonlyabout23millionyearsago.Itresultedinth
7、econtinentbeingcoveredinamiledeeplayerofice,asthesnownevermelted.Today,Antarctica'sicesheetcontainsabout70%ofallfreshwateronEarth.Section_ⅠIntroduction_&_Reading_—_Prereading[原文呈现]Antarctica①：theLastContinent16AntarcticaisthecoldestplaceonEarth.It'sal
8、sothedriest.Withannual②rainfall③closeto④zero⑤，Antarcticaistechnicallyadesert.Coveringabout14millionsquarekilometresaroundtheSouthPole⑥，itisthefifthlargest⑦continentintheworld.Ahighmountainrange,theTransAntarcticrange⑧，runsfromeasttowest,cuttin
