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1、Establishingrealisticspeedlimitsthatmatchroadenvironmentanddesignisessentialforspeedlimitstobeeffective.Speedlimitsmustbecredible,inthattheyappearreasonabletotheroadusers,andconsistent,inthattheyreflectthemaximumsafespeedforprevailingconditions.AccordingtotheFederalHighwayAdministrati
2、on(FHWA)ManualonUniformTrafficControlthepercentileoftravelDevices(MUTCD),maximumspeedsshouldbeestablishedbasedonthe85thspeeds,thatis,thespeedatorbelowwhich85percentofroaduserstravel.1.INTRODUCTIONIn1974,inresponsetotheAraboilembargo,theUnitedStatesCongressadoptedanationalmaximumspeedl
3、imitof55milesperhour(mph).Thisnationalmaximumspeedlimitremainedineffectfor13yearsuntilApril1987whentheSurfaceTransportationandUniformRelocationAssistance(STURA)Actwaspassed.TheSTURAActpermittedtheStatestoincreasethespeedlimitupto65mphonruralinterstatehighways(interstatehighwayspassing
4、throughareaswithpopulationslessthan50,000).AspartoftheSTURAAct,theCongressionalAppropriationsCommitteedirectedtheNationalTransportationSafetyAdministration(NHTSA)toassesstheimpactsoftheincreasedspeedlimitonhighwaysafety.Intheirfirstfullreportonthesubject(NHTSA:"Report"1989),NHTSAcompa
5、redthefatalitiesin1986withthosein1987(aftertheincreasedspeedlimit),andfoundthatruralinterstatefatalitiesincreasedby19%inthe38statesthatraisedtheirspeedlimit,whiletheyincreasedbyonly7%inthe10stateswherethespeedlimitremainedat55mph.Fromtheyearlyfatalitydata,NHTSAalsoconcludedthattheincr
6、easeinruralinterstatefatalitieswas16%higherin1987thanwouldhavebeenexpectedhadthespeedlimitnotbeenincreased.2.Speedlimitlawstraditionallyhavebeentheresponsibilityofthestates.Before1973,whenCongressrespondedtooilshortagesbydirectingtheU.S.DepartmentofTransportationtowithholdhighwayfunds
7、fromstatesthatdidnotadoptamaximumspeedlimitof55milesperhour(MPH),speedlimitsonruralinterstatesinmoststatesrangedfrom65and75MPH,withthemajorityofstatessettingruralinterstatespeedlimitsat70MPH(113km/h)(U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,2005).Moststatesmaintained55MPHspeedlimitsbeforethe
8、natio
