中国文化复习纲要

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1、TRADITONALCHINESEPHILOSPHY¢SpringandAutumnPeriod(春秋时代771–453B.C.)lSpringandAutumnAnnals¢WarringStatesPeriod(战国时代475–220B.C.)lRecordoftheWarringStatesHundredSchoolsofThought(诸子百家)(770B.C.--221B.C.)pConfucianism(儒家)pMohism(墨家)pTaoism(orDaoism)(道家)pSchoolofNames(名家)pLegalism(法家)pSchoolofYin-Yan

2、g(阴阳家)ConfucianismOverviewpasocialethicpascholarlytraditionpapoliticalideologypaworldviewpawayoflifeClassicalConfucianism¢Confucius(551B.C.–479B.C.)¢Mencius(371–289B.C.)¢Xunzi(310—220B.C.)sixartspritual(禮)pmusic(樂)parchery(射)pcharioteering(御)pcalligraphy(書)parithmetic(數)EditorofFiveClassics¢

3、ClassicofPoetry(BookofOdes)诗经¢ClassicofHistory尚书(书经)¢ClassicofRites礼记¢ClassicofChange易经¢SpringandAutumnAnnals春秋¢ClassicofMusic乐经ConfucianSolution¢Ren(humaneness,humanity,benevolence,perfectvirtue)isthecoreconceptinAnalects.Itistheessenceofbeinghuman.Itisrevealedbyaperson’sbehaviorandtheinter

4、actionbetweenpeople.¢Yi(Righteousness)isasetofmoralnormswhichallmembersofasocietyshouldobserve.¢Cultivatingsuchconcernforothersinvolvesrestrainingoneselfandtheobservanceofli(rite,propriety).righteousness（义）子曰：“君子喻于义，小人喻于利.” TheMastersaid,“Themindofthesuperiormanisconversantwithrighteousness;

5、themindofthemeanmanisconversantwithgain.”rites/propriety(礼)YenYuanaskedaboutperfectvirtue.TheMastersaid,“Tosubdueone’sselfandreturntopropriety,isperfectvirtue.(克己复礼为仁)Ifamancanforonedaysubduehimselfandreturntopropriety,anunderheavenwillascribeperfectvirtuetohim.Isthepracticeofperfectvirtuefr

6、omamanhimself,orisitfromothers?”YenYuansaid,“Ibegtoaskthestepsofthatprocess.”TheMasterreplied,“Looknotatwhatiscontrarytopropriety;listennottowhatiscontrarytopropriety;speaknotwhatiscontrarytopropriety;makenomovementwhichiscontrarytopropriety.”颜渊问怎样做才是仁。孔子说：“克制自己，一切都照着礼的要求去做，这就是仁。一旦这样做了，天下的一切

7、就都归于仁了。实行仁德，完全在于自己，难道还在于别人吗？”颜渊说：“请问实行仁的条目。”孔子说：“不合于礼的不要看，不合于礼的不要听，不合于礼的不要说，不合于礼的不要做.”humaneness,humanity,benevolence,perfectvirtue(仁)¢Innerelementofahumanbeing¢Theconsiderationforothers¢BehaviorInnerelement子曰：“刚、毅、木、讷近仁。”TheMastersaid,“Thefirm,the