认知语言学课件new

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1、1)Introduction2)PrototypesandCategoriesWeek1and2DefiningcognitivelinguisticsThreemainapproachesofcognitivelinguisticsReferencesIntroductionCognitiveLinguisticsisthemostrapidlyexpandingschoolinmodernLinguistics.Itaimstocreateascientificapproachtothestudyoflanguage,incorporating

2、thetoolsofphilosophy,neuroscienceandcomputerscience.Cognitiveapproachestolanguagewereinitiallybasedonourexperienceoftheworldandthewayweperceiveandconceptualizeit(philosophicalthinkingaboutthemind).Bedistinguishedfroma‘logical’viewoflanguage.DefinitionofcognitivelinguisticsOurc

3、arhasbrokendownTraditionalExplanation—GrammaticalstructureModernExplanation—EstablishabodyofLogicalrulesforgeneratingthegrammaticalsentencesCognitiveExplanation—RepresentedbythreemainapproachesExperientialviewProminenceviewAttentionviewThreemainapproachesofcognitivelinguistics

4、Itsmainclaimisthatinsteadofpostulatinglogicalrulesandobjectivedefinitionsonthebasisoftheoreticalconsiderationsandintrospection,amorepracticalandempiricalpathshouldbepursued.Forexample,Asklanguageuserstodescribewhatisgoingonintheirmindswhentheyproduceandunderstandwordsandsenten

5、ces.(acar)ExperientialviewTheexperientialviewofwordsprovidesamuchricherandmorenaturaldescriptionoftheirmeanings.Cognitivelinguistsbelievethatoursharedexperienceoftheworldisalsostoredinoureverydaylanguageandcanthusbegleanedfromthewayweexpressourideas.Thetransferofourexperienceo

6、fwell-knownobjectsandeventsisevenmoreimportantwhereabstractcategorieslikeemotionsisinvolved.Forexample,Dadexploded.Theprominenceviewprovidesoneexplanationofhowtheinformationinaclauseisselectedandarranged.ForExampleThecarcrashedintothetree.Thetreewashitbythecar.ProminenceviewTh

7、isviewisbasedontheassumptionthatwhatweactuallyexpressreflectswhichpartsofaneventattractourattention.ForexampleThecarcrashedintotree.Analysingthesentenceintermsofattentionallocation,theattentionalviewexplainswhyonestageoftheeventisexpressedinthesentenceandwhyotherstagesarenot.A

8、ttentionalview辛斌.认知语言学理论的发展、应用及跨学科研究——第四届全国认知语言学研讨会综述[J].外语研究